Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum

Application of robust estimation methods in real estate valuation

Tomasz Adamczyk — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: Conducting real estate appraisals in well-developed markets presents a multitude of data analysis challenges. Some property price data may contain outliers that can significantly affect the valuation process and, as a result, the estimated value. In the case of real estate valuation regression models, estimation is most often based on the least squares method, where outliers are taken into account just like the rest of the data. Eliminating or minimizing the influence of outliers can lead to more reliable estimation results. Such problems can be solved by implementing robust regression methods.

Aim: The main goal is to determine whether robust estimation methods using M-estimators with multiple regression models can provide more accurate estimates of property values.

Results: Research has shown that multiple regression models using robust regression methods can be applied to estimate property values. The use of different types of M-estimators allows for the objective elimination of outliers through algorithms that operate on the entire data set. The calculations are carried out iteratively, and at each iteration step the residuals are verified and the observations are re-weighted. The following M-estimators were considered: Huber, Hampel, Tukey, Faire, Cauchy and Welsch. The reference point was the estimation results from the ordinary least squares method (OLS). All analysed M-estimators led to an increase in the coefficient of determination value and a decrease in standard estimation errors. Each algorithm detected the outliers. The valuation results for the selected properties were also more reliable. The results obtained depend on the characteristics of the data, and the choice of the best estimator may vary across different property markets. The selection of the best estimator may even vary within the same local property market, where the valuer makes subjective assessments of the location or other attributes.

The Economic Role of Baltic Sea Region Seaports in Changing Geopolitical Conditions

Michał Bilczak — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: Seaports are key nodes in the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T), handling a significant part of the European Union’s trade and freight transport. Baltic Sea ports, including those in Poland, have gained strategic importance due to their high growth rates and intense maritime traffic.

Aim: This article examines the economic role of Baltic Sea ports under changing geopolitical conditions. It proposes two hypotheses: one on the relationship between economic growth and port cargo turnover, and the other on the strengthening positions of Baltic ports as key logistics hubs. The study analyzes statistical data on port cargo turnover, functional models, and classifications using Pearson’s correlation and structural analysis.

Results: The main conclusions highlight the strengthening positions of Baltic Sea ports despite current challenges, emphasizing the need for further infrastructure development and service quality improvement. This article contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive analysis of the role of Baltic Sea ports, taking into account current geopolitical and economic factors, and by proposing an approach for assessing their current status and development prospects. The results are potentially useful for strategic planning in maritime transport.

Social resilience of young people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case of the Gdansk – Gdynia – Sopot metropolitan area in Poland

Grzegorz Masik — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: Social resilience is increasingly attracting the interest of researchers and practitioners due to the need to stabilize and adapt societies to new challenges. These challenges result from successive crises, including pandemics. The answer lies in understanding, exploring, and building social resilience.

Aim: The theoretical aim of the article is to identify the components of social resilience based on a review of international literature. The empirical aim is to present a methodology and to examine social resilience based on a survey.

Results: The results show that social resilience is determined by the resources and capital of individuals or households. Among them, social, human, financial and material capital should be distinguished. The surveyed respondents were characterized by high social resilience to the crisis caused by the pandemic due to their predominantly young age, good education, and extensive social contacts despite limited financial and material resources.

Social housing management: a long-term planning perspective on the example of a Polish municipality

Andrzej Muczyński — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: Long-term planning and its implementation constitute the basis for effective social (municipal) housing management. Hence there is a need to monitor how these plans are drawn up and the degree to which they are implemented in municipalities so that they contribute optimally to meeting local housing needs using the existing municipal housing stock (MHS).

Aim: The research focused on assessing the implementation degree of the long-term municipal housing stock management program (MHSMP) of the city of Olsztyn in 2017–2021. The trends in social housing management in Europe, in particular regarding the introduction of strategic business planning in the social housing sector, were taken into account.

Results: In the MHS under study, there was a much faster decrease in the number of municipal dwellings than assumed in the plan and high deficits in social dwellings and temporary rooms. Sales of municipal dwellings were lower than planned, although revenues from this exceeded the plan. The operating costs of municipal facilities were determined by an over-planned increase in administrative costs while those for common properties turned out to be lower than planned. The renovation plan for municipal facilities was determined by the limited financial capacities of the municipality and covered a small percentage of the actual renovation needs. It was found that the MHSMP under study did not represent a coherent concept for the MHS management in the long run, was overly formalized, and did not take into account the actual housing needs of the local society. Moreover, it lacked the characteristics of strategic business plans, such as being market-oriented, systematic, comprehensive, and proactive.

Decline in the diversity of the dendroflora of Lublin on the example of housing estates built at the turn of the XXth and XXI century

Joanna Renda, Ewa Trzaskowska — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: The need to maintain species diversity in cities has been widely reported in the literature. Among other things, it promotes plant resistance to climate change, reduces susceptibility to diseases and pests, and increases the visual attractiveness of the landscape. The proper design of tall vegetation is particularly important in residential areas, where it affects the quality of life of residents. Meanwhile, the degradation of green spaces in cities has been observed.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the condition of greenery in Lublin’s housing estates and to describe changes in its formation in different time periods.

Results: In Lublin, a decrease in the number and diversity of tree species in residential areas was observed, and it was greatest in newer neighborhoods. It is necessary to recognize this phenomenon and take measures to stop this process, e.g. by introducing new planting standards to ensure good living conditions, protect biodiversity, and create an efficiently functioning system of green areas.

The Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland in Relation to the Level of Sustainable Development – Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis

Krzysztof Rząsa, Mateusz Ciski — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: This article explores the relation between the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and the level of Sustainable Development of Polish counties. First, the data was collected to describe the level of Sustainable Development in terms of Social, Environmental and Economical indicators. In the second step, using data regarding the number of COVID-19 cases and the number of deaths caused by the pandemic, a regression model was built using Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR).

Aim: Authors decided to create a comprehensive model of the level of Sustainable Development. This approach made it possible to analyze the relations between the level of Sustainable Development and the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as provided an opportunity to address the individual components of the model.

Results: The values of the coefficient of determination of the regression model indicate a high and very high fit. The MGWR model also made it possible to develop maps of local R-Squared values. These maps, by exploring spatially varying relationships between variables, further allowed to identify local anomalies of the phenomenon.

Possibilities of developing maps of sight-aesthetic attractiveness of underwater landscapes of lakes using the point-valuation method and spatial interpolation methods

Adam Senetra, Marta Czaplicka, Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik, Piotr Dynowski — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: The research investigates the feasibility of using interpolation algorithms for assessment using the point-valuation method in different types of lakes. It shows the possibilities of using the proposed methodology for underwater landscapes under various environmental and geographical conditions.

Aim: The aim of the study is to test the point-valuation method for assessing the sight-aesthetic value of lakes in terms of potential for tourist exploration. The results are presented in the form of maps, resulting from spatial interpolation methods based on a random measurement network.

Results: Maps showing the distribution of the phenomenon under study can serve as a tool for protection and planning of development and tourist use of lakes. Dedicated spatial interpolation methods for this type of assessment map were identified. The methodology is universal and can be applied, with appropriate modifications, in various types of water bodies (lakes).

Conclusion: Successful implementation of point-valuation methods and interpolation algorithms for assessing the sight-aesthetic attractiveness of underwater landscapes of lakes has been achieved. These are pioneering studies in the field of underwater landscape perception and cartographic presentation methodology. This contributes to the development of principles for protection, tourist use (qualified tourism – diving), and channelling tourist traffic in places attractive to users.

Consequences of the destruction at the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant for agriculture in the South of Ukraine

Olena Shubravska, Olha Popova, Kateryna Prokopenko — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: Ukraine’s agricultural sector has suffered immense losses due to the Russian invasion. The situation worsened after the Kakhovka Hydropower Plant was undermined in the summer of 2023. It is essential to assess the devastating consequences of this destruction in order to plan the future development of the agricultural sector.

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the expected volume of agricultural production and possible scenarios of its development in the areas affected by the explosion at the Kakhovka Hydropower Plant. The study also aims to summarize the opinions expressed during the discussion on the reconstruction of the Hydropower Plant.

Results: In the medium term, agricultural activity in the region will be conducted on rainfed land at a scale similar to that of 2022. In the long term, there will be significant losses of almost all crop products due to changes in the structure of crops according to ecological requirements. Currently, there is no unified position on the restoration of the Kakhovka Reservoir and Hydropower Plant due to conflicting economic and environmental approaches.

Urban vision workshop methodology - a tool for spatial justice

Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: Public participation in urban planning is institutionalized and generally regarded as good practice that should be promoted and implemented beyond the legal procedures for participation. A participatory approach is seen as the opposite of a hierarchical top-down approach and as a tool for achieving spatial justice. However, participatory urban planning poses numerous challenges in terms of both fundamental issues, such as superficiality and a threat to the genius loci of a place and process-related problems, such as technologies, methodology, and trust issues.

Aim: This research aims to demonstrate the importance of participatory urban planning as a means to achieve spatial justice, and to present and test participatory planning tools – the Urban Vision Creation Workshop Approach.

Results: The research has shown that the Urban Vision Creation Workshop Approach can improve citizens’ participation experience, provide more comprehensive data for urban vision development, and contribute to achieving spatial justice.

Citizen forests - a new management approach for state-owned forests

Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik, Piotr Dynowski , Tomasz Jarczyk — Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Motives: There is a growing emphasis on assessing the value of forest social functions. There are no objective measures of the intensity and attractiveness of recreational forest use. It would be beneficial to obtain an independent expert opinion on the social value of forest complexes, based on a reliable methodology. It is imperative to ascertain how to objectively determine a forest’s social function and factors influencing it.

Aim: The main objective of the conducted research was to indicate the types and sequence of activities necessary to designate areas of natural value and social importance in forest districts.

Results: The authors’ procedure for designating socially important forest areas (called citizen forest) was presented and discussed.