Civitas et Lex

Relacja stopniowalności winy z instytucją nadzwyczajnego złagodzenia kary

Kamil Bajer — 2024-10-12

This article deals with the role of gradability of guilt in the process of imposing extraordinary mitigated punishment. It presents the directives that are relevant from the point of view of the imposition of punishment, which, in turn, it juxtaposes with the functions of criminal law. The article considers the specific nature of the “degree of guilt” as a fuse of the justice function of criminal law and presents the significant impact of this directive on the application of the institution of extraordinary mitigation of punishment. The aim of the article was to obtain an answer to the question what role the gradation of guilt plays in the process of imposing an exceptionally lenient punishment. The author concludes that the role of gradation of guilt is decisive when considering the imposition of an exceptionally lenient punishment. He also recognises that other sentencing directives are not able to exclude the possibility of extraordinary

Dzieło wiary. Studia i materiały do dziejów parafii Wiżajny, pod red. ks. Wojciecha Guzewicza, ks. Grzegorza Zwierzyńskiego, Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum, Ełk 2024, ss. 322

Stanisław Strękowski — 2024-10-12

Proboszcz i wikariusz parafialni jako osoby odpowiedzialne za przepowiadanie słowa Bożego

Ryszard Trzaskawka — 2024-10-12

On the basis of the norms contained in the Code of Canon Law, the author takes up the topic of the preaching of the word of God by the person of the parish priest and the parochial vicar. The presentation of the topic begins with an introduction to the canonical responsibility for the teaching task of the Church. The forms in which this can be done are then presented. The question of the content to be proclaimed and, consequently, the duty to reach everyone with the message of the good news of salvation is presented in a synthetic way. Not only to those who are practising the faith. The final issue is the current legislation issued by the Bishops’ Conference in Poland concerning the issues previously raised, namely persons, content, form and legal responsibility. In this way, the topic has been presented from general legislation to national norms.

Myślenie filozoficzne w administracji publicznej

Jarosław Dąbrowski — 2024-10-12

Thinking is a mental process that involves processing information to generate thoughts, reasoning, make decisions, and solve problems. It is a comprehensive process that includes various aspects such as perception, memory, logical reasoning, creativity, and the ability to make interferences. Thinking can take various forms, including analytical thinking, abstract thinking, critical thinking, creative thinking, and many others.

Philosophical thinking is a particular form of thinking that focuses on analyzing fundamental questions regarding existence, reality, values, knowledge, ethics, and other important issues. This type of thinking often has an abstract character, requires deep reflection, and is aimed at developing general theories and concepts. Philosophers try to understand the essence of reality and our place in it, questioning common beliefs and searching for deeper truth. This specific approach to thinking contributes to the development of intellectual flexibility and critical thinking skills.

Philosophical knowledge is often considered detached from reality, useless in everyday life. However, some of its elements may prove be useful in various professions. Philosophy teaches us to reflect on reflection itself, to understand complex problems, and to develop thinking skills that are applicable in various areas of professional life. A philosophical approach to thinking can contribute to a flexible attitude to problems solving and the ability to adapt in various situations. Therefore, some elements of philosophical knowledge and philosophical thinking can be successfully applied in public administration.

Michael Novak’s Spirit of Democratic Capitalism versus the spirit of Catholicism. Critical evaluation.

Waldemar świątkowski — 2024-10-12

The article relates to the book by Michael Novak The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism. This article has already been published by me in Polish in 2016 (“Annales”, 2016, vol. 19, no. 3). However, due to the great interest in it from English-speaking countries, I decided to publish it in English in a slightly extended version compared to the previous one. The most intriguing thing about the book is the word combination of ‘spirit’ and ‘democratic capitalism’. We obviously do not intend in the following article to conduct lexicological analysis of the blend of words embedded in the title of the book under consideration. The article refreshes the cultural text written by Novak and analyses it in six new aspects, which have not yet been explored sufficiently in the literature. On one hand, the article analysis the notion of the ‘spirit’, which is discussed by Novak in his work. On the other hand, however, by utilizing the comparative method in the text (scientific synthesis method), it aims to discover if there really exists any compatibility between the ‘spirit of democratic capitalism’ and the ‘spirit of Catholicism’, or if there is a gap between them. The original comparison between the ‘spirit of capitalism’ and the ‘spirit of Catholicism’ included in the text, does not only stand out from other Novak’s commentators, but it can also prove useful for undertaking the discussion with the subject under consideration.

Czasopismo Civitas et lex mecenasem nauki. Sprawozdanie z konferencji pod patronatem czasopisma

Piotr Wojnicz — 2024-10-12

Brak

Kościoły i parafie diecezji ełckiej (cz. 17)

Wojciech Guzewicz — 2024-10-12

The article presents the church centers in Orzysz (Sacred Heart of Jesus), Pawłówka (The Holy Trinity), Pisanica (Our Lady Queen of Poland), Pisz (Saint John the Baptist) and Pisz (Mother of Mercy).

Preferencja wartości młodych kobiet o wyższym i niższym poziomie dojrzałości psychicznej do małżeństwa

Lidia Dakowicz — 2024-10-12

The aim of the paper is attempting to determine the value preferences of young women with higher and lower levels of marriage maturity. The paper has empirical nature. The SKALDOM II Mental Maturity Scale for Marriage, developed by M. Ryś and T. Sztajerwald, and the M. Rokeach

RVS Value Scale (Rokeach Value Survey) were used. Research results from 60 young women showed that women with a higher level of psychological maturity for marriage are more likely to prefer moral values, while women with a lower level of psychological maturity for marriage are more likely to prefer competence values.