TY - JOUR AU - Naruszewicz-Duchlińska, Alina PY - 2021/06/30 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Is it hate, or is it not hate? That is the question. Preliminary remarks on Internet definitions and descriptions of hate JF - Prace Językoznawcze JA - PJUWM VL - 23 IS - 2 SE - Articles DO - 10.31648/pj.6594 UR - https://czasopisma.uwm.edu.pl/index.php/pj/article/view/6594 SP - 303-316 AB - <p>This article presents results of a qualitative analysis of definitions and descriptions<br />of hate created by Internet users. Hate is usually considered to be a type of deliberate<br />action aimed at harming other people. It is also defined as a form of language use and<br />identified with hate speech. According to Internet users, hate violates the standards<br />of speech and has an emotional aspect, i.e. it is used to express or instil particular<br />emotions. The article analyses the three aforementioned categories of hate – hate as an<br />action, language and emotion. Furthermore, the characteristics of hate most commonly<br />indicated by Internet users are presented: lack of factual value, use of personal arguments, lack of a rational reason for the attack, anonymity and evil intentions of the hater,<br />negative emotional content, disregard for etiquette and netiquette and an unlimited scope<br />of references. The article also scrutinizes differences and similarities between hate and<br />criticism and presents both phenomena from the perspective of Internet users.</p> ER -