Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

RESEARCH MARKETING STANDARDS FOR CHICKEN EGG QUALITY PARAMETERS INTENDED FOR CONSUMPTION

Mergim Mestani — 2025-12-02

The study revealed significant differences between market and fresh eggs across various parameters, as indicated by the calculated P-values. Market eggs exhibited a mean weight of 62.30 g, slightly lower than fresh eggs at 65.89 g (P=0.0001). Eggshell weight was lower in market eggs (7.35 g) compared to fresh eggs (7.97 g), with a significant difference (P=0.0186). However, eggshell thickness showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (market: 0.41 µm, fresh: 0.43 µm; P=0.1626). Yolk weight was significantly higher in fresh eggs (15.31 g) compared to market eggs (14.37 g; P=0.021), with a more intense yolk color in fresh eggs (RYCF: fresh 12.35, market 11.45; P=0.0259). Haugh unit values were substantially higher in fresh eggs (88.46) compared to market eggs (76.57; P=0.0006), accompanied by a smaller air cell size in fresh eggs (3.47 mm) compared to market eggs (4.78 mm; P=0.0044). Based on the findings, fresh eggs meet the criteria for superior quality, being classified as "L" class based on their weight and "extra" class due to their smaller air cell size. On the other hand, market eggs may fall into lower quality classes, such as "M" class, due to their lower weight and larger air cell size. Nevertheless, both types of eggs are deemed suitable for consumption according to established guidelines. Continuous research is crucial for refining egg quality standards and meeting consumer expectations.

INFLUENCE OF IMPROPER PLAY WITH THE CAT ON THE FREQUENCY OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR

Justyna Wojtaś — 2025-12-02

This study aimed to assess the relationship between improperly conducted play and the frequency of aggressive behaviour in cats. The research was conducted using an anonymous survey. Three thousand five hundred respondents with cats took part in the study. Among the animals, 58.9% were individuals aged 1 to 5 years, 24.4% were cats aged 6-15 years, under 14.4% and senior cats over 15 years of age 2.3%. The results were statistically analyzed using the Statistica 13.1 program. Almost half of the respondents confirmed playing with the cat with their hands (42.3%). Aggressive behaviours most often mentioned by caretakers were biting, scratching, attacking hands/legs and attacking other animals. Significant correlations were observed between the occurrence of aggressive behaviour and the way of ending play with the cat. The least aggressive behaviour towards other animals occurred when playing more than three times a day.

PROSPECT TO ACHIEVING EQUITABLE URBAN TREE CANOPY DISTRIBUTION IN IBADAN METROPOLIS, OYO STATE, NIGERIA

Oyinlola Fasoro — 2025-12-02

Oluyole's vegetation cover rose from 0.08 in 2003 to 0.36 in 2013, but declined to 0.32 in 2023, whereas Old Bodija's increased from 0.11 in 2003 to 0.39 in 2013, but decreased to 0.35 by 2023. In Oluyole and Old Bodija, 55.2% and 54.7% of respondents were males, 55.2% and 62.3% were 20 to 35 years old, and 58.3% and 49.1% earned more than ₦40,000($27) monthly. Yoruba(78.5% and 75.5% respectively) were the majority ethnic group in both areas, with 70.6% and 75.5% renting their homes. Oluyole residents(74.8%) believed vegetation cover is unequally distributed, despite equal access (59.5%). Old Bodija residents(69.8%) claimed vegetation cover is evenly distributed and that there is equitable access. Chi-square(χ2) indicated that gender(0.041), age(0.002), and education(0.024) significantly influence canopy cover’s distribution. Pursuit of equitable urban tree distribution is an important step in building sustainable, resilient, and equitable communities; hence policymakers should prioritize equity in urban climate policies.

THE WEED FLORA OF THE RECREATION AREAS OF CENTRAL DISTRICTS IN ŞANLIURFA (TÜRKIYE)

OMER FARUK KAYA — 2025-12-02

The aim of this study was to determine the weed flora of recreation areas within borders of Eyyübiye, Haliliye and Karaköprü central districts of Şanlıurfa. A field study was carried out in 34 recreation areas within these districts. As a result of the study, 134 plants belonging to 27 families were identified. There were 82 were species, 31 were subspecies and 21 were varieties from these taxa. 109 of them are dicotyledonous and 25 are monocotyledonous. When evaluated in terms of life form, 1 is a phanerophyte, 1 is a chamaephyte, 30 are hemicryptophyte, 2 are cryptophyte (geophyte) and 100 are therophyte. The distribution rates according to phytogeographical regions are Irano-Turanian elements % 13 (17), Mediterranean elements % 7 (10), Euro-Siberian elements 5% (7), Eastern Mediterranean elements 4% (5) and unknown 71% (95). Considering the number of identified taxa, the first five families are Fabaceae (29), Poaceae (24), Asteraceae (23), Brassicaceace (6), Plantaginaceae (6), Apiaceae (5) and Caryophyllaceae (5).