The Review of Psychology

Review of the book: Kessler, D. (2023). Finding Meaning: The Sixth Stage of Grief. Warsaw: Laurum Publishing House.

2025-01-27T13:36:02+00:00

The text presents a review of the book "Finding Meaning: The Sixth Stage of Grief" by David Kessler. The book focuses on illustrating the natural process of grief along with the challenges it poses for individuals experiencing loss. Drawing on his research expertise, personal experience, and the stories of people who have faced loss, the author argues that even the most difficult experiences can become a starting point for finding meaning and discovering the deeper value of life.

How to distinguish fake self-care from authentic self-care?

2025-09-28T18:28:37+00:00

Abstrakt

Kessler, D. (2023). The sixth stage of grief. In search of meaning. Laurum, 400 pp.

2025-11-23T19:23:07+00:00

Abstract

Lakshmin, P. (2024). Real Self-Care (crystals, cleanses, and bubble baths not included). Laurum, pp. 256

2025-12-01T21:56:43+00:00

Abstract

Non-work orientation and its relation to professional and personal well-being

2025-09-28T18:29:40+00:00

Cel: Orientacja na życie prywatne (non-work orientation) związana jest z potrzebą kierowania swoją karierą w taki sposób, aby oprócz pracy możliwe było także satysfakcjonujące wypełnianie ról pozazawodowych. Składają się na nią trzy wymiary: orientacja na życie osobiste, orientacja na rodzinę oraz orientacja na społeczność. Celem niniejszego badania było określenie związków pomiędzy orientacją na życie prywatne a satysfakcją z życia i z pracy.

Metoda: W badaniu wzięło udział 558 osób pracujących, w wieku 18–76 lat (M = 40,1; SD = 11,7), ze stażem pracy od 2 do 52 lat (M = 18; SD = 11,3). Do pomiaru badanych zmiennych wykorzystano: Skalę satysfakcji z pracy, Skalę satysfakcji z życia oraz polską wersję Skali orientacji na życie prywatne.

Wyniki: Osoby o wyższej orientacji na życie prywatne prezentowały nie tylko wyższy poziom satysfakcji z życia, lecz także z pracy. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że satysfakcja z życia całkowicie pośredniczy w pozytywnej relacji pomiędzy orientacją na życie prywatne a satysfakcją z pracy.

Konkluzja: Otrzymane wyniki pomagają lepiej zrozumieć pojęcie orientacji na życie prywatne i jej znaczenie dla rozwoju kariery i dobrostanu osób pracujących.

Skala do pomiaru treści stereotypów płci: konstrukcja i wstępna walidacja

2025-12-01T21:57:35+00:00

This article describes the development of a modern sex-role and sex-stereotypes inventory. The concept of the tool is based on Bem’s (1974) theory of sex-roles and two independent dimensions of femininity and masculinity related to basic dimensions of social cognition (Abele, Wojciszke, 2007; Fiske et al., 2007). First, we present the construction process and exploratory studies that led to extraction of two independent and robust dimensions. Confirmatory studies show high congruence and stability of the factor solution and reliability of the scales. Finally, comparisons of images of typical gender representatives give some preliminary validity data.

Judges, forensic specialist, non-professionals decisions to interfere in family with children problems.

2025-09-28T18:29:42+00:00

This article aims to present the results of a survey of judges (N=44), other forensic professionals (N=51), and non-professionals (N=55). I was interested to see whether the opinions of professionals on the degree of accepted government intervention in the family structure correspond with the non-professional views of average citizens.

The results revealed that, in general, all the groups surveyed: judges, professionals who diagnose families, and non-professionals prefer supportive actions over intervention. With the intensity of the child’s problems, the frequency of proposing actions that imply intervention in the family structure increases. Non-professionals take a more radical view, more often proposing intervention actions than other groups. The opinions of judges and forensic professionals who diagnose the family situation do not differ significantly in this case. Forensic professionals are the group that indicated the most supportive actions in the survey. The results imply that self-enhancement had a moderation effect on the proposing intervention actions.

Wpływ emocjonalnego i racjonalnego sposobu przetwarzania informacji na dwa rodzaje gatunkowizmu

2025-09-28T18:29:38+00:00

Cel: W niniejszym badaniu sprawdzaliśmy, czy sposób przetwarzania informacji i emocje wpływają na poziom gatunkowizmu antropocentrycznego (tendencji do priorytetyzowania ludzi względem innych gatunków) i faworyzującego zwierzęta domowe (skłonności do priorytetyzowania zwierząt towarzyszących względem pozostałych gatunków).

Metoda: Badani (N = 499), losowo przydzieleni do jednego z trzech warunków, rozstrzygali siedem dylematów moralnych i oceniali status moralny, wzbudzaną sympatię, zdolności odczuwania bólu i inteligencję występujących gatunków (psa, niedźwiedzia, ryby i szczura).

Wyniki: Osoby kierujące się emocjami (vs. logiką) wykazywały wyższy poziom gatunkowizmu faworyzującego zwierzęta domowe. Nie zaobserwowaliśmy odwrotnej zależności dla gatunkowizmu antropocentrycznego. Emocje odczuwane wobec gatunków miały zaś znaczenie tylko dla gatunkowizmu faworyzującego zwierzęta domowe w warunkach myślenia emocjonalnego.

Konkluzja: Badania jedynie częściowo potwierdziły zależności opisane w literaturze. Sugerujemy wykorzystanie bardziej obiektywnych metod manipulacji w dalszych badaniach gatunkowizmu.

Non-Work Orientation and Its Relationship With Life and Job Satisfaction

2025-12-01T21:56:47+00:00

Objective: Non-work orientation refers to the need to manage one’s career in such a way that, in addition to work, it is also possible to satisfactorily fulfill non-work roles. It comprises three dimensions: personal life orientation, family orientation, and community orientation. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between non-work orientation and both life and job satisfaction.

Method: The study involved 558 employed individuals aged 18–76 years (M = 40.1, SD = 11.7), with job tenure ranging from 2 to 52 years (M = 18, SD = 11.3). The following instruments were used to measure the studied variables: the Job Satisfaction Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Polish version of the Non-Work Orientation Scale.

Results: Individuals with higher non-work orientation reported not only greater life satisfaction but also higher job satisfaction. The results indicate that life satisfaction fully mediates the positive relationship between non-work orientation and job satisfaction.

Conclusion: The findings contribute to a better understanding of the concept of non-work orientation and its significance for career development and the well-being of working individuals.

Scale for Measuring Gender Stereotypes: Construction and Preliminary Validation

2025-12-01T21:56:46+00:00

Objectives: The aim of the study was to develop and preliminarily validate a new, psychometrically reliable tool for measuring contemporary gender stereotypes. The tool, based on a two-dimensional model of social perception, was adapted to the Polish context and designed to capture the dynamic nature of stereotypes, thereby filling the gap left by outdated instruments.

Method: The process of creating the scale involved the generation of descriptors (traits) by a group of experts, followed by verification and selection of traits in an exploratory study (N = 309). Ultimately, 20 adjectives were selected for the tool. In the next two preliminary studies (N = 276 and N = 241), the structure of the tool was validated.

Results: Analyses have shown that selected traits strongly differentiate the images of men and women. The new scale has a reliable and stable structure and appears to be a credible tool for measuring gender stereotypes.

Conclusions: The tool presented in this article is a novel alternative to existing methods of measuring gender stereotypes in Poland. Preliminary validation confirms its reliability and usefulness, thus opening the way for further research into the dynamics and content of contemporary stereotypes.

Decisions by Judges, Other Court Professionals, and Laypeople That Intervene in the Functioning of Families Facing Parenting Challenges With Adolescents

2025-12-01T21:56:48+00:00

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to compare the decisions made by court-related professionals and laypeople regarding the degree of interference of courts and subordinate institutions in the functioning of families with upbringing problems, as well as to confront the decision-making mechanisms that guide them. The research questions concerned the extent to which the possible decisions of professionals align with the beliefs of citizens who may be affected by such decisions. The results of surveys conducted among judges (n = 44), other judicial professionals (n = 51) and laypeople (n = 55) are presented.

Method: The survey was carried out using a proprietary tool developed on the basis of juvenile procedure regulations and case describing young people with upbringing problems. Participants also completed Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ). Factor analysis identified two dimensions of interaction: judicial intervention and supportive measures.

Results: The results showed that all the groups studied, judges, court professionals and laypeople, preferred supportive actions. As the severity of the child’s problems increased, the frequency with which the respondents proposed intervention activities increased as well. In addition, laypeople took a more punitive stance than experts, proposing intervention measures more often. In contrast, specialists diagnosing the family indicated the most supportive actions.

Conclusion: The values included in Schwartz’s circular structure were considered constructs that explain the decisions of teenagers with behavioral problems. It turned out that in the general population, values related to the self increase the propensity to intervene; this issue is different in groups representing judicial professions, among whom this tendency was not observed. The higher the pro-social values (kindness, universalism) were declared, the lower the acceptance of interventionism and the higher the acceptance of supportive measures.

The Impact of Emotional and Rational Thinking on Two Types of Speciesism

2025-12-01T21:56:45+00:00

Aim: In this study, we examined whether the mode of information processing and emotions influence the level of anthropocentric speciesism (the tendency to prioritize humans over other species) and pet speciesism (the tendency to prioritize companion animals over other species).

Method: Participants (N = 499), randomly assigned to one of three conditions, resolved seven moral dilemmas and assessed the moral status, likability, intelligence and capacity to feel pain, of the included species (dog, bear, fish, and rat).

Results: Individuals guided by emotions (vs. logic) demonstrated higher levels of pet speciesism. We did not observe the reverse relationship for anthropocentric speciesism. Emotions experienced towards species were relevant only for pet speciesism under emotional thinking conditions.

Conclusion: The study only partially confirmed the results described in the literature. We suggest employing more objective manipulation methods in further research on speciesism.