Studia Warmińskie

Anthropological Terminology: basar and ruah in the Books of the Hebrew Bible, which Omit the Term nepes

Cezary Korzec — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Anthropological terminology: rûªH and bäSär in the books of the Hebrew Bible, which omit the term nepeš.

The article analyses a group of texts of the Old Testament derived from the books (Ezr, Ne, Dn, Jl, Ab, Na, Zep, and Ml), in which the term nepeš has not been noted, but which do contain two other terms essential to the biblical anthropology, which seeks to answer the question of who is a man (the terms concerning the way of life of the man, the sphere of his emotions, etc. have been omitted) terms: rûªH and bäSär. Due to the ambiguity of the terminology, the first goal of the analysis is to determine the meaning of the terms in the selected texts, and, in the case of their anthropological connotation, to explain the semantical range. The goal of the analyses is to survey the anthropological situation of the aforementioned books.

The article significantly confirms the affiliation of the anthropological terminology found in the analysed texts to the main anthropological current. Just as in the case of Ml it points to the possibility of new original anthropological inspirations, which, in the case of Ml concern the unity of marriage.

The Function and Theme of the Pericope about the Fig Tree (Mt 21, 18-22) in the Narrative Gospel of Matthew 21–22

Zdzisław Żywica — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The current literature is dominated by the belief that the scene with the fig tree in the narrative Gospel of Matthew is a presage of judgment over Jerusalem, its temple and religious leaders with their supporters. The conducted narrative analysis of the pericope and its context 21–22 allows us to conclude that we are not dealing here with an announcement of an unconditional and immediate judgment. At the narrative level, it serves not only as a "hinge", a transition from presenting theological arguments confirming God's truth that Jesus of Nazareth is the expected messianic son of David - the King of Israel (21:1-17), but also presenting arguments confirming that he is also the Lord of David – Son of God (21:23–22:46). Thus, Matthew is concerned with defining and expressing the state of God's will of the last times regarding Jesus of Nazareth and the people of His choice. The actual and realistic revelation recorded in the Scriptures is to be another chance resounding in the prophetic cry for metanoia and humble trust in Yahweh and what He is telling his people in the person and saving work of Jesus - the prophet, son of David and His Son. The knowledge and recognition of this divine truth is determined by the Scriptures read in the eschatological hermeneutic key during prayer - a personal meeting with Yahweh. Rejecting it, will beyond any doubt, fulfill the symbolic meaning of the accursed fig tree, namely, the curse of the salvific barrenness of Judaism.

“Hagiological Patronage” – a Theological Reflection on the Traces of Memory of Blessed Dorothy of Mątowy (in Poland)

Katarzyna Parzych-Blakiewicz — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents the issue of holiness shown in the patronage of a medieval mystic and recluse living in Prussia (today's northern Poland). The study is included in the current reflection on the teaching of Francis on the universal call to holiness. The aim of the undertaken research is to define the relevance of the model of holiness presented by Blessed Dorota of Mątowy (1347-1394). The arguments are based on two sets of information: a map of Dorota's Polish places of worship and a work describing her life by Jan of Kwidzyn. Most signs of the cult of the recluse can be found in the following towns: Mątowy Wielkie, Kwidzyn, Elbląg, Gdańsk, Dorotowo, Koszalin. There are churches dedicated to Bl. Dorothy, and her images. In the liturgical calendar, the mystic is mentioned in the Archdiocese of Warmia and Gdańsk as well as in the Diocese of Elbląg and Koszalin-Kołobrzeg. The fame of her holiness developed immediately after her death. The beatification process was initiated several times and the cult was approved in 1976. The charism of Dorota is characterized by the love of God, penance, pilgrimage and steadfastness in faith. Spirituality developed according to this model and is close to the needs of Catholics living in dioceses where she is remembered. It is legitimate for these local churches to promote the Dorothean model of piety as appropriate to correlate the spiritual needs of contemporary Christians with the universal call to holiness.

Encounter of John Paul II with Representatives of African Traditional Religions in Togo and Benin. Context and Possibilities for Dialogue

Jacek Jan Pawlik — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

During each pilgrimage Pope John Paul II encountered representatives of other religions or directed to them a message. In this paper the author analyzes two visits of the Pope: to Togo (1985) and to Benin (1993), during which the Pope met with representatives of vodun cults. The author points out that the circumstances, time and place influenced the importance of these meetings for the followers of traditional religions. For the followers of the vodun religion, it was a kind of legitimization of their beliefs on a par with Christianity, while for the Catholics it was an expression of tacit approval of their links with traditional religion. Nevertheless, the openness to the other, the recognition of their existential problems and social inequalities recognized in the attitude and message of the Pope, left a strong imprint on the minds of Togolese and Beninese, so that John Paul II's visits will long remain a unique and extraordinary event in their history.

Tools of the New Evangelization of the Church in Poland

Łukasz Plata — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this article, the author reflected on the tools of the New Evangelization of the Church in Poland. The author first clarified the very concept of the New Evangelization and outlined the terminological differences related to this issue. He went on to point out the external and internal conditions in which the Church in Poland finds itself, and defined the addressees to whom the Gospel message needs to reach. Then, taking into account the facts contained in the article, the author presented the tools of the New Evangelization, which in the dynamically changing reality are used in the Church in Poland.

The Ministry of the Catechist in the Light of Pope Francis’ Apostolic Letter Antiquum ministerium

Mieczysław Polak — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Each person called into the Church has his or her own share in its mission of evangelisation. This mission is fulfilled in the spatial and temporal conditions that determine its form and define the tasks of the individual. Various forms of ministry have developed in Christian communities since their beginnings. These ministries were exercised by both ordained ministers and laity. Over time, however, they became clericalise. They became associated with preparation for the reception of the sacrament of Holy Orders. The return to their original meaning is due to the liturgical renewal brought about by the Second Vatican Council. The renewed vision of the Church set out in the Council documents and the associated theology of the liturgical assembly made it possible to restore the various ecclesial offices that had been conferred on the laity. The first two of these ministry – Lector and Acolyte – were introduced by Pope Paul VI in 1972. Another - the ministry of Catechist – was introduced by Pope Francis in 2021. The ministry of Catechist, introduced by Pope Francis, on the one hand refers to the ministries of the apostolic times and the early Church, and on the other hand responds to the challenges of today. This study is an attempt to present the ministry of Catechist as outlined by Pope Francis in his apostolic exhortation Antiquum ministerium. The analysis covers both terminological and substantive issues related to the newly created ministry of Catechist. The general considerations relate to the situation of the Church in Poland.

[Nicolaus Copernicus in the Curriculum and Selected Method Books for Religion

Adam Przemysław Bielinowicz — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The analysis of school curricula and religious textbooks is one of the many research tasks of catechetics, since the faith and worldview of the catechized are formed based on the content of these studies. In view of the fact that Nicolaus Copernicus is a figure of great importance both regionally, nationally and globally, he was included in the content that is conveyed to students during religion lessons. The purpose of the article is not only to present the results of the analysis of the current Roman Catholic Religious Education Program in kindergartens and schools and three method books, but also to present conclusions and postulates regarding Copernican content. In addition, an attempt has been made to answer the question to what extent a religion lesson is able to help catechized learn about the figure and views of the eminent Astronomer.

Theological and Liturgical Content of the Rite of Animal Blessing

Krzysztof Smykowski — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper is to describe the structure and theological content of the rite of blessing of animals. This rite follows the structure of the liturgy renewed after the Second Vatican Council and includes: the introductory rites, the liturgy of the word, the prayer of blessing and the conclusion. The method of liturgical hermeneutics
was used. The semantic and structural study of liturgical texts made it possible to reveal the authentic theological richness of this rite. The blessing of animals is most often celebrated on the commemoration of St. Francis of Assisi or St. Roch.

Main Ideas and Specific Areas of Priestly Formation according to Ratio institutionis sacerdotalis pro Polonia (2021)

Paweł Rabczyński — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article outlines the main ideas and specific areas of formation for priests according to Ratio institutionis sacerdotalis pro Polonia from 2021. These pertain to the entire formation of priests, both during the preparation for the reception of the sacrament of Holy Orders (initial, seminary formation) and after receiving it (permanent, ongoing formation). The context of the topic is the current vocational situation in Poland, which is largely shaped by the contemporary culture of transience. The Ratio pro Polonia defines four fundamental characteristics of the entire formation path of priests: unity, communality, missionary spirit, and integrity. They serve as both principles and criteria for formation. The document consistently shows the primacy of God in the lives, formation, and ministry of those called to the priesthood and emphasizes the need for continuous growth in their relationship with God and with people. Renewed principles and norms of priestly formation emphasize its dynamism and highly personal character. The grace of the sacrament of Holy Orders and the identity of priests are constant points of reference in the formation process. The specific areas of formation for priests include education in celibacy, obedience, and poverty. Practicing these highlighted virtues is an imitation of Jesus Christ himself and serves priests in deepening their pastoral love for sisters and brothers.

The Missionary Activity of St. Cyril and Methodius – Inspirations for the Contemporary Formation of Students of the Propaedeutic Year

Radosław Czerwiński — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents inspirations for the formation of students of the propaedeutic year, which are based on the example of St. Cyril and Methodius, as well as in the light of the challenges of the modern world and formation principles in the document of the Polish Bishops' Conference Ratio Institutionis sacerdotalis pro Polonia of 2021. The tasks of formators should be seen in the context of their educational role. The seminar's mission is to form good shepherds who, following the example of the patrons of Europe, will be faithful to their vocation, service and mission until the end of their lives. People responsible for seminary formation together with alumni build a community based on trust. This task is helped by mutual accompaniment, which should be based especially on human and spiritual formation. The persons of Saints Cyril and Methodius can constantly be an important point of reference for the process of preparing modern priests and the functioning of the seminary, especially during the propaedeutic year. This can be seen both in their experience of life "in the world", in the life of faith in the monastic form, in the forms of practicing the faith that they were able to rise above, and in evangelization practices.

Interpretation of the Fates and Character of Antigone in Sophocles’ “Theban Trilogy” in the Light of the Aristotelian Theory of Catharsis

Zdzisław Kieliszek — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the theory of model tragedy presented by Aristotle in the Poetics with the tragedy of the character and fate of Antigone from Sophocles’ “Theban Trilogy” (King Oedipus, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone). The author argues that the character of Antigone outlined by Sophocles and the development of the events in which she takes part correspond to Aristotle’s concept of the cathartic function of tragedy in two simultaneous dimensions. The spectator is “cleansed” from the feeling of terror thanks to the appropriate character traits of the heroine. Pity, on the other hand, is “cured” by following the sequence of
events involving Antigone and their consequences.

Immanent Spirituality of Modernity

Karol Jasiński — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the fundamental manifestations
of contemporary immanent spirituality, that is, spirituality that has no reference to
the transcendent personal God or institutional religion, but is confined within the
boundaries of the natural world. The paper consists of two parts. In the first one,
the concepts of religion, religiosity and spirituality are clarified. Particular attention
was paid to the differences in the classical and modern concept of spirituality. The
second part presents two basic forms of immanent spirituality, often interrelated,
which are the relationship with the natural world (cosmic feeling of unity, discovering
the complexity of the world, experience of numinosum, intuition of ultimate reality)
and the experience of the human subject (diversity of mental states, affirmation of
human dignity, questioning of subjectivity).

Democratic Values in Education: A Theoretical Examination of Ukrainian Children and Youth in Polish Schools Post-February 2022

Michał Federowicz, Serhii Terepyshchyi — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The massive influx of Ukrainian people into Poland after February 24, 2022, has posed unprecedented challenges and opportunities for educational institutions. This article aims to lay the theoretical foundation for understanding how
democratic values can be integrated into the Polish educational system to foster mutual cultural understanding, civic engagement, and social inclusion. Key concepts such as Democratic vs. Anti-democratic Values, Citizenship, Involvement, Freedom and Education for Peace, and others are analyzed to offer a comprehensive perspective. The article also underscores the need for empirical studies to further validate and
refine these theoretical frameworks, given the unique and evolving socio-cultural landscape of Polish schools today.

Conceptualising the Value of Life in Bioethical Discourse: Sanctity vs Quality of Life

Oleksandr Horban, Ruslana Martych — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The article deals with the problem of the value of life in the context of its understanding in bioethical discourse. Two different approaches are used to discuss the topic. The first approach demonstrates a set of imperatives of human behaviour associated with the dominance of the religious component defining the value of life. It
is called the concept of the “sanctity of life” and considers human life as a sacred act of divine influence on the existence of the living. The second approach systematises bioethical views that promote the supreme value of freedom and autonomy in making decisions by each individual, including those related to their life and health. It is called the concept of “quality of life” and represents a set of ideas that suggest to
consciously influence the state of life of the individual if it is possible to improve it or if its further existence loses its rational meaning. Being in opposition to each other, these two main conceptual approaches create a problematic situation that stimulates scientific interdisciplinary research within the framework of bioethical discourse, forming its conceptual and categorical apparatus and expanding the worldview of the
researcher and the reflective individual.

Communications Revolution: from Civilizational Phenomenon to Science Communication Perspectives

Sergii Kolesnichenko — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the study, it was possible to carry out an overview of modern theories of communications revolutions and demonstrate their importance in transforming the foundations of the development of the corresponding social architecture, social institutions, including science, etc. In this analysis, we used the methodological approaches of the philosophy of history, communicative philosophy, social and political philosophy, and the philosophy of science. At the same time, the revolutionary scale of changes and the depth of their impact on society lead to the fact that humanity is forced to abandon the naive-romantic attitude to science (to rationalism as such), which was characteristic of the world at the beginning of the 20^th century when it seemed that science was able to overcome all troubles and mistakes of both the physical and social world. That is why the current task of philosophy remains the study of the phenomenon of modern science as a communicative phenomenon of the dynamic 21^st century. Industry 4.0 is a heuristic methodological framework for understanding the perspectives of civilizational shifts and re-configuration of communicative processes in science communication, taking into account the approaches of technical and public deliberation. We tended to demonstrate the profound polemical nature of the understanding of the revolutionary nature of social changes and the presence of a wide range of typologies of revolutions (scientific, industrial, communications ones).

Integration of Sustainable Development Goals and Media Literacy in Education

Anastasiia Kostenko, Oksana Kuzmenko — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article explores the urgent need for integrating media literacy and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into the educational process, especially in the face of increasing information warfare and technological changes. The authors argue that media literacy is not only a skill but a crucial tool for ensuring critical thinking and social stability. They emphasize the role of educators as primary "operators" of information and discuss how improved media literacy can make educational systems more resilient against external threats. Utilizing an interdisciplinary approach, the article aims to develop effective systems for bolstering the media literacy of educational staff as a pathway to achieving specific Sustainable Development Goals.

Innovative Approaches in Citizenship Education Research: Conceptual Perspectives and Ethical Cautions

Tetiana Matusevych, Olga Zadorozhna — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article is devoted to the analysis of innovative approaches in citizenship education research taking into account conceptual perspectives and ethical cautions. The conceptual, axiological, and ethical basis of such innovative frameworks as digital citizenship education and artificial intelligence application for the development of responsible citizenship is elaborated. These innovations revolutionized the theory and practice of citizenship education, causing the use of new approaches and pedagogical methods as well as change in learning environments simultaneously adding new modalities and domains into objectives of citizenship education.

The Use of Aristotle’s Philosophy in Anthony Radyvylovsky’s Sermons

Volodymyr Spivak — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, at the example of Anthony Radyvylovskyi creation, we examine the impact of Aristotle’s works on the philosophical component of Ukrainian church sermons from the Baroque period. The culturological approach and methods of hermeneutics and comparative analysis were used in the research. The source base of this article was the texts of the Ukrainian preacher Anthony Radyvylovsky, who worked in the Baroque era. Separate texts of Aristotle were used for comparative analysis. The objective of this study is to investigate the usage specialties of the
Aristotle’s texts by Anthony Radyvylovskyi in his own writing. The result should help to better understand the ideological influence of ancient philosophy on the formation of national philosophical tradition of the Baroque epoch. The ideological content of borrowed from Aristotle’s texts and mechanisms are traced to the use by the preacher. The list of Aristotle’s texts from which Radyvylovskyi quoted is provided. It is also
shown that Radyvylovskyi uses the authority of Aristotle during moral teachings and philosophical thinking about the characteristics of human nature. The conclusion about the creative way of using the Aristotle’s ideas by Anthony Radyvylovskyi is given and significant philosophical component in the preacher’s written legacy is noted.

Embracing the Philosophy of Responsible Citizenship - On a Path to Ukraine's Societal Transformation

Denys Svyrydenko, Frol Revin — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the European educational paradigm, the philosophy of the responsible citizenship assumes a central role in shaping the future of diverse and interconnected societies. This article explores how European educational systems have been designed to instill values of civic engagement, respect for others, and environmental awareness, equipping EU citizens with the tools they need to become responsible and active members of the global community. The article further examines how the integration of sustainable development and environmental education empowers young minds to become advocates for environmental preservation and guardians of rational planet-wide stewardship. In particular, by highlighting the successes, challenges, and ongoing efforts within the European educational paradigm, we aim to shed light on how responsible citizenship approaches can lead to more inclusive and cohesive societies that thrive on empathy, tolerance, and solidarity both in Ukraine and globally. This point directly corresponds and is clearly reflected in the report of the European commission on science education highlighting the crucial need for an educational platform to be put in place that would be able to nurture, cultivate and disseminate the values and the critical role that a scientifically-minded, eco-conscious citizenry has on the shaping of our shared global future. Hence, we can conclude that as Ukrainian nation aspires to build a more inclusive and forward-looking society, the philosophy of responsible citizenship promoted within the European educational paradigm offers valuable insights and tools to equip, modernize and revitalize our system of education. By embracing responsible citizenship philosophy, Ukraine can effectively address the challenges (e.g. the environmental, social and economic effects of the on-going war with Russia, incompetent bureaucracy and civil service, stagnant social institutions, inadequate levels of civic engagement and ineffective social management) it faces while providing its population with a sure roadmap to becoming active agents of positive change in the drastically volatile and interrelated global village.

Linguistic Pluralism and the Shaping of Identity: A Philosophical Examination of Language Policy in Ukrainian Higher Education

Vladyslava Zaichko — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This comprehensive study explores the multifaceted nature of language policy in Ukrainian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) against the backdrop of increasing globalization and a rising influx of international students. Employing a multi-level methodological approach, the paper analyzes the current state of language policy, emphasizing its role in academic performance, cultural identity, and international competitiveness. The study also investigates the impact of technology on the implementation of these policies, highlighting the potential for digital platforms to amplify or impede educational objectives. Data was collected from a diverse range of institutions and indicates significant room for improvement in existing policies. Recommendations are offered at multiple levels, focusing on enhancing the effectiveness, inclusivity, and cultural sensitivity of language policies. The findings underscore the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to crafting a language policy that is both academically rigorous and culturally inclusive.

Cooperation of a Religion Teacher with a Family Assistant for the Benefit of a Child

Anna Zellma — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Problem situations which appear in the contemporary family have an impact on the functioning and development of a child. They breed new challenges concerning a religion teacher’s caring, education and prophylaxis-related activities. They require cooperation with various entities, including a family assistant. These activities are driven by care for the child’s comprehensive development, well-being, and safety. A religion teacher can reinforce a family assistant’s professional and diverse activities. This is done by improving the child’s living conditions and leisure time, reinforcing their self-assessment, modelling positive attitudes, organising help in studying, and motivating them to participate in oratory or socio-therapeutic common room activities. Valuable activities include thematic workshops for children, choir
meetings and holiday trips. These activities must include direct contact of a religion teacher with parents of children from problem families. Such families should also receive help with the proper religious education of their children. These actions require religion teachers to be constantly present by accompanying children from
dysfunctional families and to have the right personality predispositions and pedagogic
skills. They breed new challenges concerning the preliminary and permanent formation, in which the status of practical solutions regarding a religion teacher’s cooperation with
the family assistant should be enhanced.

The Meaning of Roles in the Family in the Context of Adhortations Familiaris consortio and Amoris Laetitia

Renata Pomarańska — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This article addresses the problem of the importance of roles in the family in the context of two apostolic adhortations: John Paul II Familiaris consortio and Pope Francis Amoris Laetitia. In the family, although it is not equally defined by different scientific disciplines, there are a number of roles depending on its type. The analysis uses one of the most famous family classification in sociology, proposed by Franciszek Adamski, to distinguish small, large and large modified families on its basis. The adoption of such a typology made it possible to define the roles of wife, husband, mother, father, sister and brother in small and large families, extending them to the roles of grandmother, grandfather, father-in-law, daughter-in-law, son-in-law, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew and cousin in large modified families.

Gods, Religion and Its Criticism in the Greek Aesopic Fables

Michał Wojciechowski — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

About a hundred Greek fables from the Aesopic tradition contain direct or allegorical references to religion. These references were not sufficiently studied. As a whole, they represent an anonymous, popular approach to religion from the Hellenistic period, with some sources in the earlier times. They have some importance for the history of Greek religion. These fables may be divided into two groups. The first group presents gods and mythology, with the dominant role of Zeus, near to henotheism; other gods are not really important. However, Prometheus is sometimes presented as the maker. The second group contains criticisms of religion, idolatry and misguided prayer (with Hermes as the butt of jokes).

The Fate of Pagan Temples in the Western Part of the Empire in the Late Roman Empire (4th Century). Selected Examples

Maria Piechocka-Kłos — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This publication presents a detailed analysis of the fate of pagan temples located within the Western Roman Empire, particularly in the region of Gaul. The timeframe of the research, due to the vastness and multifaceted nature of the issue, covers only the 4th century. The main thread of the research presented here is primarily the attitude of the ecclesiastical authorities, mainly the bishops, governing the western dioceses and the faithful themselves to the shrines of pagan worship. The research was supplemented by a brief reference to the Roman law in force, i.e. the position of the Christian emperors, which was supported by historical sources on some issues. The analysis of the sources made it possible to conclude that the actions of destroying pagan temples within the Western Roman Empire, were not common and occurred much less frequently than in the East or Africa. Many of them continued to function intact. Some of them were demolished (the activities of St Martin of Tour), some were converted into Christian churches, among others, and there were also some that, abandoned, naturally deteriorated under the influence of adverse weather conditions. The study presented here is a continuation of the author's research into the issue of pagan temples with regard to the involvement of bishops in the destruction of pagan temples in the east of the Empire in the late Roman Empire (4th to 5th century).

The Malbork Żuławy Population and the Parish Fiscal System in the 19th Century

Wojciech Zawadzki — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The system of financing parishes and parsons in the Żuławy region originated in the Middle Ages and with some modifications survived until 1945. This financing system was based on arable land given by the Teutonic Order to each newly canonically erected parish. Upon the arrival of Lutherans and Mennonites in the 16^th century to the Malbork region of Żuławy, their churches were built in local Catholic parishes and functioned outside the legal and political system then existing in the Polish Republic. Throughout the modern period, the Lutheran and Mennonite church system had no arable land in the Żuławy region and therefore faced financial problems. In the 19^th century, now under Prussian reign, things did not change much in this respect, as Lutheran parishes still did not have a stable economic status and Catholic parishes fully enjoyed the vested rights respected by the Prussian state. For this reason, there were numerous conflicts between the two religious denominations from the end of the 18^th century to the beginning of the 20^th century that often ended up in court. However, the Mennonites from Żuławy region were in the most difficult legal position, who, in the situation of legal discrimination of their religion by Prussian legislation, more and more often chose to emigrate from Prussia.

Warmia Chapter to Renovate Frombork Cathedral in the First Half of the 19th Century

Marek Jodkowski — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the first half of the 19th century, the Warmia Chapter struggled with a lack of funds to carry out a major renovation of Frombork Cathedral. This was because Prussia was not paying the full subsidy to the Diocese of Warmia that the country's rulers had committed to. For this reason, the Warmian Chapter took the position that a thorough renovation of the cathedral was the responsibility of the state authorities. In 1834, Karl Friedrich Schinkel informed the Prussian government of the deteriorating technical condition of Frombork Cathedral. A permit was therefore issued for its completion under the supervision of August Bertram and the Supreme Building Deputation. The renovation work was carried out in 1839-1841, and included the restoration of the roofs, walls and gables of the temple. The cathedral was restored to its purist Gothic appearance. The cost of the restoration was 10,984 thalers 17 silver pennies and 5 pfennigs.

The Museum of Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński in Stoczek Klasztorny as an Example of a Biographical Church Museum

Artur Hamryszczak — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The museum of the interned Primate Stefan Wyszyński in Stoczek Klasztorny was established in the rooms of the monastery where the cardinal stayed during his imprisonment by the communist authorities (October 12, 1953 - October 8, 1954). The facility is a church biographical museum. Its creators are the Marian Fathers, who in 1957 took over the monastery buildings from the state authorities. After visiting the sanctuary of Our Lady of Peace in Stoczek Klasztorny, card. S. Wyszyński in 1958, the Marians began work on organizing a museum of the interned primate. Due to the reluctance of the state authorities, which were against this commemoration, the exhibition at the place where the imprisoned primate was staying was unofficially open to the public. Only after the death of S. Wyszyński and a change in the policy of the authorities, the museum could officially inaugurate its activities in 1983. The museum exhibition is traditional in nature and occupies two rooms and a prison chapel on the first floor of the monastery and two exhibition rooms on the ground floor. The facility, through a realistic presentation of the conditions of the primate's imprisonment and an appropriate description of the life and activities of the hierarch, is intended to encourage visitors to reflect on the presented content. The museum of the interned primate plays not only a cultural role, integrating the local society, but also a religious one, constituting an important supplement to the activities of the sanctuary of Our Lady the Queen of Peace, inspiring visitors to reflect on the spiritual meaning of the imprisonment of card. Stefan Wyszyński.

Edgar Sukiennik, People of the Sanctuary in Swieta Lipka over the Centuries

Józef Mandziuk — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Edgar Sukiennik, Jesuits in Swieta Lipka

Józef Mandziuk — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Jacek J. Pawlik, Towards a New Culture. Adaptation struggles

Maria Piechocka-Kłos — Thu, 21 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000