Wpływ PKB i udziału OZE na emisje CO2, efektywność energetyczną oraz wzrost gospodarczy w państwach Unii Europejskiej

Grzegorz Szczubełek

Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-7278

Daniel Rzeczkowski

Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-5987


Abstrakt

Wzrost gospodarczy i emisja CO2 są silnie powiązane z zużyciem energii. Transformacja energetyczna w kierunku odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) oraz poprawa efektywności energetycznej są najważniejszymi elementami w walce z globalnym ociepleniem. Kraje UE dążą do redukcji emisji CO2 z jednoczesnym wsparciem wzrostu gospodarczego. Konieczne jest jednak zrozumienie, jak poziom PKB i udział OZE wpływają na efektywność energetyczną oraz emisję CO2. Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu poziomu PKB oraz udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) na emisję CO2, efektywność energetyczną i wzrost gospodarczy w krajach Unii Europejskiej. W badaniu zastosowano modelowanie równań strukturalnych (SEM) z wykorzystaniem metody najmniejszych kwadratów cząstkowych (PLS). Analiza oparta jest na danych pochodzących z Eurostatu, OECD oraz innych źródeł obejmujących lata 2004-2023.
Artykuł stanowi istotny wkład w literaturę ze względu na kompleksową analizę wpływu poziomu PKB i udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE) na emisję CO2, z uwzględnieniem efektywności energetycznej i urbanizacji jako głównych czynników. Przeprowadzone badanie wykazało, że wysoki poziom PKB w połączeniu z dużym udziałem OZE w miksie energetycznym sprzyja skuteczniejszej redukcji emisji CO2. Ponadto urbanizacja ma zróżnicowany wpływ na wzrost gospodarczy, w zależności od poziomu PKB i udziału OZE. Wskazuje to na potrzebę uwzględnienia specyfiki kraju podczas formułowania polityki energetycznej. Wyniki dostarczają decydentom politycznym wskazówek do kształtowania strategii energetycznych i środowiskowych w państwach Unii Europejskiej.


Słowa kluczowe:

emisje CO2, odnawialne źródła energii (OZE), modelowanie równań strukturalnych (SEM)


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Opublikowane
2024-12-31

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Szczubełek, G., & Rzeczkowski, D. (2024). Wpływ PKB i udziału OZE na emisje CO2, efektywność energetyczną oraz wzrost gospodarczy w państwach Unii Europejskiej. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 19(2), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.10984

Grzegorz Szczubełek 
Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2511-7278
Daniel Rzeczkowski 
Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-5987



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