Housing situation of students during the COVID-19 pandemic – a case study from Poland and Portugal
Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca
Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztynhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-2795
Nelson Duarte
School of Management and Technology Polytechnic of Portohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-7922
Marcin Janusz
Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztynhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-6898
Résumé
The occurrence of the first illnesses of the inhabitants of Poland and Portugal caused decision-makers to introduce many changes in the functioning of economic units in various areas. This document aims to answer the questions of whether the changes related to the occurrence of COVID-19 had a significant impact on the housing situation of students by answering two questions: (1) How has the pandemic affected the change in the form of residence? (2) What changes in the provisions of the contract do students expect after returning to the full-time form? The empirical study was conducted based on data obtained from a survey. The research was conducted in May and June 2021 on a sample of 599 students at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and the School of Technology and Management of Porto Polytechnic in Portugal. The analysis related to the determination of statistically significant interdependencies of socio-demographic characteristics of respondents with their attitudes, and a multidimensional method of comparative analysis was used, known as correspondence analysis. As a method of recording data in the analysis of correspondence, the Burt matrix was used. The result of the statistical analysis was the identification of structural relationships between variables and objects (respondents). The results showed different behaviours related to housing conditions in Poland and Portugal. Polish students, due to the epidemiological situation, were mostly forced to change their place of residence, which was usually associated with returning to their family home. This trend was not observed for students in Portugal (median response: Housing had not been affected in any way by the pandemic).
Mots-clés :
housing conditions, living conditions, shopping behaviour, pandemic, COVID-19Références
Andersen, E.B. (1994). The Statistical Analysis of Categorical Data. Berlin, Heidelberg, New
Crossref
Google Scholar
York, London, Paris, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Barcelona, Budapest: Springer-Verlag. http://dx.doi. Google Scholar
org/10.1007/978-3-642-78817-8. Google Scholar
Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C., & Garry, R.F. (2020). The proximal origin Google Scholar
of SARS-CoV-2. Nature Medicine, 26(4), 450-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Arnett, J.J. (2000). Emerging Adulthood A Theory of Development From the Late Teens through the Google Scholar
Twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Barbosa, S. (2018). Alojamento Universitário - Universidade do Minho. Coordination by S. Capela, Google Scholar
J. Silva. Associação Académica da universidade do Minho. Retrieved from https://www.placeme. Google Scholar
pt/ClientAssets/2726/html/EstudoAlojamento.pdf. Google Scholar
Borys, T. (2008). Propozycja siedmiu typologii jakości życia (The Proposal of Seven Typologies Google Scholar
of Life Quality. Research). Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej we Wroclawiu, 22, 125-134. Google Scholar
Borys, T. (2015). Typologia jakości życia i pomiar statystyczny. Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician, 60(7), 1-18.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Budowski, M., Schief, S., & Sieber, R. (2016). Precariousness and quality of life – a qualitative perspective on quality of life of households in precarious prosperity in Switzerland and Spain. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 11(4), 1035-1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11482-015-9418-7.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Cesarski, M. (2013). Polityka mieszkaniowa w Polsce w pracach naukowych 1918-2010. Dokonania i wpływ polskiej szkoły badań. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH. Google Scholar
Docquier, F., & Rapoport H. (2012). Globalization, Brain Drain, and Development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(3), 681-730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.3.681.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Dyjach, K. (2013). Teorie rozwoju regionalnego wobec zróżnicowań międzyregionalnych. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio H, XLVII(1), 49-59. Google Scholar
Epifanio, M.S., Andrei, F., Mancini, G., Agostini, F., Piombo, M.A., Spicuzza, V., & La Grutta, S. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on quality of life among Italian general population. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(2), 2-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020289.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Grabowska, M. (2013). Migracja edukacyjna polskich studentów na tle trendów światowych. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Studia i Prace Wydziału Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania, 32(2), Problemy współczesnej ekonomii, 113-123. Google Scholar
Greenacre, M. (2000). Correspondence Analysis of Square Asymmetric Matrices. Applied Statistics, 49(3), 297-310.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Greenacre, M. (2007). Correspondence Analysis in Practice, Interdisciplinary Statistics. Boca Raton, London, New York: Chapman & Hall/CRC, imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Grzywińska-Rąpca, M. (2021). Economic Welfare and Subjective Assessments of Financial Situation of European Households. European Research Studies Journal, 24(2), 948-968, http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/2166.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Janusz, M. (2016). The housing situation of young married couples in Olsztyn. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 11(4), 371-383.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Kisiel, R., & Woźnialis, G. (2021). Selected benefits and threats arising from internet use by households and enterprises in Poland with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 16(1), 17-28.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Kuźniar, W., & Cyran, K. (2020). Selected Aspects of the Residential Property Market in the Context of Creating a City Image (an Example from Rzeszów). Olsztyn Economic Journal, 15(1), 39-52.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Lusa (2018). Ensino Superior: Lisboa com 30% de alunos deslocados mas só 9,2% têm residências universitárias. Retrieved from https://www.dn.pt/lusa/ensino-superior-lisboa-com-30-de-alunosdeslocados-mas-so-92-tem-residencias-universitarias-9820443.html. Google Scholar
McBride, Y. (2017). Future of student housing: meeting emerging student needs. On the Horizon, 25(3), 190-196. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-05-2017-0026.
Crossref
Google Scholar
McGill, J. (2013). International Student Migration: Outcomes and Implications. Journal of International Students, 3(2), 167-181.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Nakazawa, T. (2017). Expanding the scope of studentification studies. Geography Compass, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12300.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Nykiel, L. (2012). Mieszkania na wynajem jako warunek rozwoju rynku mieszkaniowego (Apartment for Rent as a Condition for Residential Market Development). Studia i Materiały Towarzystwa Naukowego Nieruchomości (Studies and Materials of the Polish Real Estate Scientific Society), 20(3), 95-110. Google Scholar
Panek, T. (2015). Jakość życia gospodarstw domowych w Polsce w układzie wojewódzkim. Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Statystyki i Demografii SGH, 46, 2-111. Google Scholar
Rokita-Poskart, D. (2017). Migracje edukacyjne i ich demograficzne konsekwencje dla ośrodka akademickiego. Studia Ekonomiczne. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach, 309, 86-94. Google Scholar
Revington, N., & August, M. (2020). Making a market for itself: The emergent financialization of student housing in Canada. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(5), 856-877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518X19884577.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Revington, N., Moos, M., Henry, J., & Haider R. (2020) The urban dormitory: planning, studentification, and the construction of an off-campus student housing market. International Planning Studies, 25(2), 189-205, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2018.1552565.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Romero, M. (2017). The future of student life: living. On the Horizon, 25(3), 157-160. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-05-2017-0020.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Słaby, T. (2011). Nowe propozycje w badaniach jakości życia. Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów SGH, 108, 125-136. Google Scholar
Smith, D.P. (2002). Patterns and processes of studentification in Leeds. Regional Review, 12(1), 14-16. Google Scholar
Smith, D.P. (2005). Studentification: The gentrification factory? In R. Atkinson & G. Bridge (Eds.). Gentrification in global context: The new urban cosmopolitanism. London: Routledge. Google Scholar
Sotomayor, L., Tarhan, D., Vieta, M., McCartney, S., & Mas, A. (2022). When students are housepoor: Urban universities, student marginality, and the hidden curriculum of student housing. Cities, 124, 103572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103572.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Stanimir, A. (2005). Analiza korespondencji jako narzędzie do badania zjawisk ekonomicznych (Correspondence Analysis as a Tool for the Study Economic Factors). SSRN. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2577229. Google Scholar
Studenci na rynku nieruchomości. Raport 2020. (2020). Warszawa: Centrum AMRON i Związek Banków Polskich. Google Scholar
Thomsen, J., & Eikemo, T.A. (2010). Aspects of student housing satisfaction: a quantitative study. Housing and the Built Environment, 25, 273-293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-010-9188-3.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Tran, B.X., Nguyen, H.T., Le, H.T., Latkin, C.A., Pham, H.Q., Vu, L.G., & Ho, R.C. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on economic well-being and quality of life of the Vietnamese during the National social distancing. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565153.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Zasina, J. (2018). W kierunku studentyfikacji? Zakwaterowanie studenckie w polskich miastach akademickich. Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii, 48(3), 69-84. https://doi.org/10.18778/1429-3730.48.06.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Źróbek-Różańska, A. (2018). Over a Million Student Tenants in Poland. Analysis of Preferences, Real Google Scholar
Estate Management and Valuation, 26(2), 104-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2018-0020.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2088-2795
School of Management and Technology Polytechnic of Porto
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-7922
Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-6898
Licence
Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
An Author declares that his paper has not been published before (under the same or another title, or is a part of another publication) and does not infringe copyrights of other persons**. At the same time, the Author transfers to the Publisher the exclusive right to publish and to circulate this work in print in the form of a non-serial journal publication and in a form of an electronic publication.
The journal is available on Creative Common license CC-BY-NC-ND
