Sojusz francusko-niemiecki i jego rola w procesie europejskiej integracji walutowej, 1944-2010 - wnioski na dziś
Dimitrios Syrrakos
Zakład Rachunkowości, Finansów i Ekonomii, Wydział Biznesu i Prawa, Uniwersytet Metropolitalny w Manchesterze, Szkoła BiznesuAbstrakt
Celem pracy jest ocena ewolucji sojuszu francusko-niemieckiego i prawdopodobnych kierunków jego rozwoju. Szczególnie omówiono kwestię, czy dobre stosunki między obydwoma państwami przetrwają, mimo obecnych trudności gospodarczych i politycznych. Nacisk położono na sprawdzenie, w jakim stopniu zawarcie sojuszu przyczyniło się utworzenia europejskiej unii walutowej. Pod tym kątem oceniono podpisanie traktatu rzymskiego, utworzenie europejskiego systemu walutowego, zawarcie jednolitego aktu europejskiego i traktatu z Maastricht. Podstawowym założeniem całej analizy jest to, że rozwój sojuszu oraz europejskiego systemu monetarnego będą iść w parze. Jeśli sojusz z powodzeniem nadal się będzie rozwijać, to proces europejskiej integracji gospodarczej będzie również postępował, jeżeli jednak stosunki między dwoma wspomnianymi krajami się pogorszą, to proces integracji gospodarczej w najlepszym razie ulegnie stagnacji. Główny wniosek jest taki, że w następstwie kryzysu zadłużenia strefy euro sojusz francusko-niemiecki zastąpiono "niemiecką hegemonią". To spowodowało, że główna siła napędowa Unii Europejskiej stała się nieskuteczna i jako taka osłabiła rozwój tej instytucji.
Słowa kluczowe:
sojusz francusko-niemiecki, instytucje UE, EMU kryzys zadłużeniaBibliografia
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Crawford M. 1996. Foreword by Lord Kingsdown "One Money for Europe? The Economics and Politics of EMU". Macmillan, London.
Dinan D. 1999. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration. Macmillan Press Ltd, London.
Dormael A.V. 1978. Bretton Woods: Birth of a Monetary System. The Macmillan Press, London.
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George S. 1996. Policy and Politics in European Union. Oxford University Press, New York.
Giavazzi F., Giovannini A. 1989. Exchange Rate Flexibility: The European Monetary System. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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Schmitt-GrohE S., Uribe M. 2013. Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity and the Case for Temporary Inflation in the Eurozone. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(3): 193-211.
Serfaty S. 1968. France, De Gaulle, &Europe: The Policy of the Fourth and Fifth Republics towards the Continent. John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
Solomon R. 1982. The International Monetary System, 1945-1976: An Insiders' View. Harper & Row, New York.
Spahn P.B. 1993. The Community Budget for an Economic and Monetary Union. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Syrrakos D. 2010. A Reassessment of the Werner Plan and the Delors Report. Why did they experience a different fate? Comparative Economic Studies, 52: 575-588.
Summer M.T., Zis G. 1982. European Monetary Union: Progress and Prospects. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Szasz A. 1999. The Road to European Monetary Union. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Tew B. 1988. The Evolution of the International Monetary System, 1944-1988. Fourth Edition. Hutchinson, London.
Triffin R. 1961. Gold and the Dollar Crisis. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
Tsoukalis L. 1996. The New European Economy Revisited. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Ungerer H. 1997. A Concise History of European Monetary Integration: From EPUto EMU. Quorum Books, Westport.
Vanthoor W. 1996. European Monetary Union since 1848: A Political and Historical Analysis. Edward Elgar Editions, Cheltenham.
Verdun A. 1999. The role of the Delors Committee in the creation of EMU: an epistemic community? Journal of European Public Policy, 6(2): 308-328.
Wallace H., Wallace W. 2000. Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Watson M.S.A. 1997. Aspects of European Monetary Integration: The Politics of Convergence. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Webber D. 1999. The Franco-German Relationship in the European Union. Routledge, London.
Williams A.M. 1991. The European Community. Blackwell, Oxford.
Yeager L. 1965. International Monetary Relations: Theory, History and Policy. A Harper International Edition.
Arrowsmith J. 1996. Is EMU riding for a fall? Paper presented to the Research Seminar in Bradford university, 8th November.
Bank for International Settlements. 1952. Twenty-Second Annual Report, April 1, 1951 - March 31, 1952', Basle.
Baun M.J. 1996. The Maastricht Treaty as high politics: Germany, France and European Integration. Political science Quarterly, 110(4): 605-624.
Bini- Smaghi L., Padoa-Scioppa T., Papadia F. 1994. The Transition to EMU in the Maastricht Treaty. Essays in International Finance, 194, November 1994, International Finance Section, Princeton university.
Bibow J. 2015. The euro's savior? Assessing the ECB's crisis management performance and potential for crisis resolution. Institut für Makroökonomie und Konjunkturforschung/Macroeconomic
Policy Institute, Study 42, www.boeckler.de/pdf/p-imk-study-42 -2015.pdf.
Cobham D. 1994. European Monetary Upheavals. Manchester University Press, Manchester.
Cole A. 2001. Franco-German Relations: Political Dynamics of the European Union. Pearson Education Ltd, England.
Crafts N., Toniolo G. 1996. Economic Growth in Europe Since 1945. Centre for Economic Policy Research, Cambridge University Press.
Cram L. 1997. Policy-making in the EU: conceptual lenses and the integration process. Routledge, London and New York.
Crawford M. 1996. Foreword by Lord Kingsdown "One Money for Europe? The Economics and Politics of EMU". Macmillan, London.
Dinan D. 1999. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration. Macmillan Press Ltd, London.
Dormael A.V. 1978. Bretton Woods: Birth of a Monetary System. The Macmillan Press, London.
Dyson K., Featherstone K. 1999. The Road to Maastricht: Negotiating Economic and Monetary Union. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
External and intra-EU trade: A statistical yearbook, Data 1958-2010. 2011. Eurostat, Statistical Books, European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/5729733/KS-GI-11-001-EN.PDF/9e06d19b-bdce-49e0 -a766-65fbbfc78081 (access: 14.08.2016).
Eichengreen B., Wyplosz C. 2016. Minimal Conditions for the Survival of the Euro. Intereconomics, 51(1): 24-28.
Fratianni M., von Hagen J. 1990a. German Dominance in the EMS: the Empirical Evidence. Open Economic Review, 1: 67-87.
Fratianni M., von Hagen J. 1990b. Asymmetries and Realignments in the EMS. In: The European Monetary Systemin the 1990s. Eds. P. De Grauwe, L. Papademos. Longman for CEPS and the Bank of Greece, London.
Gaffey C. 2015. Germany and Greece Losers in ECB's Quantitative Easing Plan. Newsweek, 15th March, http://europe.newsweek.com/germany-and-greece-losers-ecbs-quantitative-easing-plan-313740.
Garrett G. 1993. The politics of Maastricht. Economics and Politics, 5(2): 105-123.
George S. 1996. Policy and Politics in European Union. Oxford University Press, New York.
Giavazzi F., Giovannini A. 1989. Exchange Rate Flexibility: The European Monetary System. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Giscard D'estaing V.G. 1994. The year 2000: the European currency's first birthday. In: 30 years of European Monetary Integration from the Werner Plan to EMU. Ed. A. Steincherr. Longman, London.
Goodman S.F. 1996. The European Union. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Grauwe P. De. 1990. The Cost of Disinflation and the European Monetary System. Open Economies Review, 1: 147-173.
Gros D. 2010. Adjustment difficulties in the GIPSY Club. CEPS Working Document, 326, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels.
Gros D., Mayer T. 2010. Towards a Euro(pean) Monetary Fund. CEPS policy Brief, 202, Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels.
Gros D., Thygesen N. 1998. European Monetary Integration: From EMS to EMU. Longman, London.
Henning C.R. 1998. Currencies and Politics in the Unites States, Germany and Japan. Institute for International Economics, Washington.
Hildebrand K. 1989. German Foreign Policy from Bismarck to Adenauer: The limits of statecraft. Translated by L. Willmot. Unwin Hyman Ltd., London.
Hix S. 1999. The Political System of the European Union. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Jabko N. 1999. In the name of the Market: How the European Commission paved the way for monetary union. Journal of European Public Policy, 6: 475-495.
Mazzucelli C. 1997. France and Germany at Maastricht. Policies and Negotiations to Create the European Union. Garland, New York.
McCarthy P. 2001. France-Germany: In the Twenty-First Century. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
McNamara R.K. 1998. The Currency of Ideas: Monetary Policies in the European Union. Cornell University Press, New York.
Mody A. 2015. Clueless in Europe. Bloomberg: 19th Oct, www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-10-19/the-european-central- bank-needs-to-get-a-clue.
Molle W. 1997. The Economics of European Integration: Theory, Practice and Policy. Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot Hants, England.
Moravcsik A. 1998. The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Rome to Maastricht. Cornell University Press, New York.
Odendahl C. 2014. The ECB is not the German central bank. Centre for European Reform: London, 2nd December, www.cer.org.uk/insights/ecb-not-german- central-bank.
Odendahl C. 2015. Quantitative easing alone will not ward off deflation. Centre for European Reform, London, 21st January, http://www.cer.org.uk/insights/quantitative-easing-alone-will-not-ward-deflation.
Overturf F.S. 1997. Money and European Union. St Martin's Press, New York.
Padoa-Scioppa T. 1988. The European Monetary System: a long-term view. In: The European Monetary System. Eds. S. Giavazzi, S. Micossi, M. Miller. Banca d'Italia, Centro Interuniversitario di Studi Teorici per la Politica Economica.
Pelkmans J. 1997. European Integration; Methods and Economic Analysis. Longman, London.
Report on Economic and Monetary Union in the European Community. 1989. Delors Committee, Office for Publications of the European Communities, Luxemburg.
Schmitt-GrohE S., Uribe M. 2013. Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity and the Case for Temporary Inflation in the Eurozone. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 27(3): 193-211.
Serfaty S. 1968. France, De Gaulle, &Europe: The Policy of the Fourth and Fifth Republics towards the Continent. John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
Solomon R. 1982. The International Monetary System, 1945-1976: An Insiders' View. Harper & Row, New York.
Spahn P.B. 1993. The Community Budget for an Economic and Monetary Union. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Syrrakos D. 2010. A Reassessment of the Werner Plan and the Delors Report. Why did they experience a different fate? Comparative Economic Studies, 52: 575-588.
Summer M.T., Zis G. 1982. European Monetary Union: Progress and Prospects. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Szasz A. 1999. The Road to European Monetary Union. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Tew B. 1988. The Evolution of the International Monetary System, 1944-1988. Fourth Edition. Hutchinson, London.
Triffin R. 1961. Gold and the Dollar Crisis. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
Tsoukalis L. 1996. The New European Economy Revisited. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Ungerer H. 1997. A Concise History of European Monetary Integration: From EPUto EMU. Quorum Books, Westport.
Vanthoor W. 1996. European Monetary Union since 1848: A Political and Historical Analysis. Edward Elgar Editions, Cheltenham.
Verdun A. 1999. The role of the Delors Committee in the creation of EMU: an epistemic community? Journal of European Public Policy, 6(2): 308-328.
Wallace H., Wallace W. 2000. Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Watson M.S.A. 1997. Aspects of European Monetary Integration: The Politics of Convergence. Macmillan Press Ltd., London.
Webber D. 1999. The Franco-German Relationship in the European Union. Routledge, London.
Williams A.M. 1991. The European Community. Blackwell, Oxford.
Yeager L. 1965. International Monetary Relations: Theory, History and Policy. A Harper International Edition.
Syrrakos, D. (2016). Sojusz francusko-niemiecki i jego rola w procesie europejskiej integracji walutowej, 1944-2010 - wnioski na dziś. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 11(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.2915
Dimitrios Syrrakos
Zakład Rachunkowości, Finansów i Ekonomii, Wydział Biznesu i Prawa, Uniwersytet Metropolitalny w Manchesterze, Szkoła Biznesu
Zakład Rachunkowości, Finansów i Ekonomii, Wydział Biznesu i Prawa, Uniwersytet Metropolitalny w Manchesterze, Szkoła Biznesu
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