Alginate Characteristics and Fucoxanthin Content from Sargassum polycystum Through Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and the Relationship with Water Quality of Habitat

Siti Zachro Nurbani

Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Indonesia

I Ketut Sumandiarsa

Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Indonesia

Laely Nur Hidayah

Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Indonesia

Rezky Yunitasari Siregar

PT Prima Indo Fish, Benoa, Bali


Abstract

The study attempted to obtain alginate and fucoxanthin from Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and to correlate these with the water’s environmental condition. The alginate was extracted using an acid pathway, the fucoxanthin was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the trace element was obtained using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The nutrients and micronutrient composition of S. polycystum were dominated by carbohydrates (32.8; 1.6%), with the main trace elements being selenium, iron, copper, and zinc. The alginate was attributed to 8.98±0.1 pH, 12.55±0.5% of water content, 22.63±0.9% of ash content, 70.28±0.5 Cps. of viscosity, and 37.24±0.8% of yield. The extract was also containing fucoxanthin, which was relatively high (0.41–0.59 mg g-1). There was a favourable association between water quality and the content of alginate, fucoxanthin, and nutrition. According to the ultrasonication extraction process, S. polycystum could produce high-quality alginate with a high fucoxanthin content.


Keywords:

macroalgae, alginate, fucoxanthin, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), water quality


AOAC (Association of Official Analitycal Chemist). 2005. Official Method of Analysis of the Association of Official Analitycal of Chemist. Virginia (US): Published by The Association of Analitycal Chemist, Inc.   Google Scholar

Balboa E.M., Gallego-Fábrega C., Moure A., Domínguez H. 2016. Study of the seasonal variation on proximate composition of oven-dried Sargassum muticum biomass collected in Vigo Ria, Spain. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(3): 1943–1953.   Google Scholar

Borazjani N.J., Tabarsa M., You S.G., Rezaei M. 2017. Effects of extraction methods on molecular characteristics, antioxidant properties and immunomodulation of alginates from Sargassum angustifolium. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 101: 703–711.   Google Scholar

Brito G.B., DE Souza T.L., Bressy F.C., Moura C.W.N., Korn M.G.A. 2012. Levels and spatial distribution of trace elements in macroalgae species from the Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(10): 2238–2244.   Google Scholar

Bui H.T.T., Luu T.Q., Fotedar R. 2018. Effects of temperature and ph on the growth of Sargassum linearifolium and S. podacanthum in potassium-fortified inland saline water. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 15(3): 186–197.   Google Scholar

Chemat F., Rombaut N., Sicaire A.G., Meullemiestre A., Fabiano-Tixier A.S., Abert-Vian M. 2017. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34: 540–560.   Google Scholar

Circuncisão A.R., Catarino M.D., Cardoso S.M., Silva A.M.S. 2018. Minerals from macroalgae origin: Health benefits and risks for consumers. Marine Drugs, 16(11).   Google Scholar

D’armas H., Jaramillo C., D’armas M., Echavarría A., Valverde P. 2019. Proximate composition of several green, brown and red seaweeds from the coast of Ecuador. Revista de Biología Tropical, 67(1): 61–68.   Google Scholar

Dawes C. 2016. Macroalgae systematics. In: J. Fleurence, I. Levine (eds.), Seaweed in health and disease prevention. Elsevier Inc, doi: 10.1016/C2014-0-02206-X.   Google Scholar

Dharmayanti N., Supriatna J., Abinawanto, Yasman. 2019. Isolation and partial characterisation of alginate extracted from sargassum polycystum collected from three habitats in Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 20(6): 1776–1785.   Google Scholar

Fao. 2020. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. FAO.   Google Scholar

Flores S.R.L., Dobbs J., Dunn M.A. 2015. Mineral nutrient content and iron bioavailability in common and Hawaiian seaweeds assessed by an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 43: 185–193.   Google Scholar

Flórez-Fernández N., Domínguez H., Torres M.D. 2019. A green approach for alginate extraction from Sargassum muticum brown seaweed using the ultrasound-assisted technique. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 124: 451–459.   Google Scholar

Gammone M.A., Orazio N.D. 2015. Anti-obesity activity of the marine carotenoid fucoxanthin. Marine Drugs, 13: 2196–2214.   Google Scholar

Hammer Ø. 2020. Paleontological statistics reference manual. In: Paleontological statistics reference manual. The Natural History Museum University of Oslo.   Google Scholar

Harley C.D.G., Anderson K.M., Demes K.W., Jorve J.P., Kordas R.L., Coyle T.A., Graham M.H. 2012. Effects Of climate change on global seaweed communities. Journal of Phycology, 48(5): 1064–1078.   Google Scholar

Heffernan N., Smyth T.J., Fitzgerald R.J., Vila-Soler A., Mendiola J., Ibáñez E., Brunton N.P. 2016. Comparison of extraction methods for selected carotenoids from macroalgae and the assessment of their seasonal/spatial variation. Innovative Food Science and Emerging   Google Scholar

Technologies, 37: 221–228.   Google Scholar

Heo S., Yoon W., Kim K., Oh C., Choi Y., Yoon K., Kang D., Qian Z., Choi I., Jung W. 2012. Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoxanthin derivatives isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Food And Chemical Toxicology, 50(9): 3336–3342.   Google Scholar

Hernández-Carmona G., Freile-Pelegrín Y., HERNÁNDEZ-Garibay E. 2013. Conventional and alternative technologies for the extraction of algal polysaccharides. In: H. Functional ingredients from algae for foods and nutraceuticals. Woodhead Publishing Limited, pp. 475–516,   Google Scholar

doi: :10.1533/9780857098689.3.475.   Google Scholar

Hoang T.C., Cole A.J., Fotedar R.K., O’leary M.J., Lomas M.W., Roy S. 2016. Seasonal changes in water quality and Sargassum biomass in southwest Australia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 551: 63–79.   Google Scholar

Johnson M., Kanimozhi S.A., Joy J.M.T.R., Shibila T., Freitas P.R., Tintino S.R., Menezes I.R.A., Da Costa J.G.M., Coutinho H.D.M. 2019. The antioxidative effects of bioactive products from Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh and Sargassum duplicatum J. Agardh   Google Scholar

against inflammation and other pathological issues. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 46(July): 19–23.   Google Scholar

Kawee-Ai A., Kuntiya A., Kim S.M. 2013. Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of fucoxanthin purified from the microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Natural Product Communications, 8(10): 1381–1386.   Google Scholar

Kok J.M.L., Wong C.L. 2018. Physicochemical properties of edible alginate film from Malaysian Sargassum polycystum C. Agardh. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 9(March): 87–94.   Google Scholar

Kumar S.R., Hosokawa M., Miyashita K. 2013. Fucoxanthin: A marine carotenoid exerting anti-cancer effects by affecting multiple mechanisms. Marine Drugs, 11: 5130–5147.   Google Scholar

Kumar S., Sahoo D., Levine I. 2015. Assessment of nutritional value in a brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and their seasonal variations. Algal Research, 9: 117–125.   Google Scholar

Kurniawan F., Adrianto L., Bengen D.G., Prasetyo L.B. 2016. Vulnerability assessment of small islands to tourism: The case of the Marine Tourism Park of the Gili Matra Islands, Indonesia. Global Ecology and Conservation, 6: 308–326.   Google Scholar

Lalegerie F., Gager L., Stiger-Pouvreau V., Connan S. 2020. The stressful life of red and brown seaweeds on the temperate intertidal zone: effect of abiotic and biotic parameters on the physiology of macroalgae and content variability of particular metabolites. Advances in Botanical Research, 95: 1–41.   Google Scholar

Maharani A.A., Husni A., Ekantari N. 2017. Effect of extraction methods on characteristic of sodium alginate from brown seaweed Sargassum fluitans. Journal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(3): 478.   Google Scholar

Malea P., Kevrekidis T. 2014. Trace element patterns in marine macroalgae. Science of the Total Environment, 494–495: 144–157, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.134.   Google Scholar

Matanjun P., Mohamed S., Mustapha N.M., Muhammad K. 2009. Nutrient content of tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum. Journal of Applied Phycology, 21(1): 75–80.   Google Scholar

May-Lin B.Y., Ching-Lee W. 2013. The seasonal growth rate of Sargassum species at Teluk Kemang, Port Dickson, Malaysia. Journal of Applied Phycology, 25(3): 805–814.   Google Scholar

Mazumder A., Holdt S.L., De Franc isci D., Alvarado-Morales M., Mishra H.N., Angelidaki I. 2016. Extraction of alginate from Sargassum muticum: process optimisation and study of its functional activities. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(6): 3625–3634.   Google Scholar

Miyashita K., Beppu F., Hosokawa M., Liu X., Wang S. 2020. Nutraceutical characteristics of the brown seaweed carotenoid fucoxanthin. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 686(March): 1–10.   Google Scholar

Moghadamtousi S., Karimian H., Khanabdali R., Razavi M., Firoozinia M., Zandi K., Abdul K.H. 2014. Anticancer and antitumor potential of fucoidan and fucoxanthin, two main metabolites isolated from brown algae. The Scientific World Journal, Jan 2: 768323, doi:   Google Scholar

1155/2014/768323, eCollection 2014.   Google Scholar

Mohammed A., Rivers A., Stuckey D.C., Ward K. 2020. Alginate extraction from Sargassum seaweed in the Caribbean region: Optimisation using response surface methodology. Carbohydrate Polymers, 245: 1–8.   Google Scholar

Muta Harah Z., Japar Sidik B., Natrah F.M.I., Emmclan L.S.H., Wan Hazma W.N., Nordiah B. 2014. Seaweed community of the Merambong shoal, Sungai Pulai estuary, Johore. Malayan Nature Journal, 66(1, 2): 117–131.   Google Scholar

Nursid M., Ayu S., Tantri D., Rahayu L. 2015. Cytotoxicity of acetone extract and fucoxanthin content of sargassum seaweed. Jurnal Pengolahan Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, pp. 91–99.   Google Scholar

Okolie C.L., Akanbi T.O., Mason B., Udenigwe C.C., Arye A.N.A. 2019. Influence of conventional and recent extraction technologies on physicochemical properties of bioactive macromolecules from natural sources. Food Research International, 116.   Google Scholar

Pádua D., Rocha E., Gargiulo D., Ramos A.A. 2015. Bioactive compounds from brown seaweeds: Phloroglucinol, fucoxanthin and fucoidan as promising therapeutic agents against breast cancer. Phytochemistry Letters, 14: 91–98.   Google Scholar

Paul S., Salavarría E., Gil-Kodaka P., Villena G.K. 2020. A de novo transcriptomic approach to study the influence of marine water depth in Macrocystis pyrifera alginate production. Aquatic Botany, 163(January): 103–211.   Google Scholar

Peng Y., Hu J., Yang B., Lin X.P., Zhou X.F., Yang X.W., Liu Y. 2015. Chemical composition of seaweeds. In: B.K. Tiwari, D.J. Troy (eds.), Seaweed sustainability: Food and non-food applications. Elsevier Inc.   Google Scholar

Perumal B., Chitra R., Maruthupandian A., Viji M. 2019. Nutritional assessment and bioactive potential of sargassum polycystum c. Agardh (brown seaweed). Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 48(4): 492–498.   Google Scholar

Porse H., Rudolph B. 2017. The seaweed hydrocolloid industry: 2016 updates, requirements, and outlook. Journal of Applied Phycology, 29(5): 2187–2200.   Google Scholar

Praiboon J., Palakas S., Noiraksa T., Miyashita K. 2018. Seasonal variation in nutritional composition and anti-proliferative activity of brown seaweed, Sargassum oligocystum. Journal of Applied Phycology, 30(1): 101–111.   Google Scholar

Puglisi M.P., Sneed J.M., Sharp K.H., Ritson-Williams R., Paul V.J. 2014. Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments. Natural Product Reports, 31(11): 1510–1553.   Google Scholar

Puspita M., Setyawidati N.A.R., Stiger-Pouvreau V., Vandanj on L., Widowati I., Radjasa O.K., Bedoux G., Bourgougnon N. 2020. Indonesian Sargassum species bioprospecting: potential applications of bioactive compounds and challenge for sustainable development. In Advances in Botanical Research, 95: 113–161, doi: 10.1016/bs.abr.2019.12.002.   Google Scholar

Renhoran M., Noviendri D., Setyaningsih I., Uju. 2017. Ekstraksi dan purifikasi fukosantin dari Sargassum sp. sebagai anti-acne. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(2015), 370–379.   Google Scholar

Rhein-Knudsen N., Ale M.T., Ajalloueian F., Meyer A.S. 2017. Characterisation of alginates from Ghanaian brown seaweeds: Sargassum spp. and Padina spp. Food Hydrocolloids, 71: 236–244.   Google Scholar

Salosso Y. 2019. Nutrient and alginate content of macroalgae sargassum sp. From kupang bay waters, east nusa tenggara, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 12(6): 2130–2136.   Google Scholar

Setyawidati N.A.R., Puspita M., Kaimuddin A.H., Widowati I., Deslandes E., Bourgougnon N., Stiger-Pouvreau V. 2018. Seasonal biomass and alginate stock assessment of three abundant genera of brown macroalgae using multispectral high-resolution satellite remote sensing: A case study at Ekas Bay (Lombok, Indonesia). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 131, 40–48.   Google Scholar

Siregar T.H., Priyanto N., Putri A.K., Rachmawati N., Triwibowo R., Dsikowitzky L., Schwarzbauer J. 2016. Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of the trace hazardous element contamination in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 110(2): 634–646.   Google Scholar

Sugiono S., Masruri M., Estiasih T., Widjanarko S.B. 2019. Optimisation of extrusion-assisted extraction parameters and characterisation of alginate from brown algae (Sargassum cristaefolium). Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(8): 3687–3696.   Google Scholar

Sumandiarsa I.K., Bengen D.G., Santoso J., Januar H.I. 2020a. Nutritional composition and alginate characteristics of Sargassum polycystum (C. Agardh, 1824) growth in Sebesi island coastal, Lampung-Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 584(1).   Google Scholar

Sumandiarsa I.K., Bengen D.G., Santoso J., Januar H.I. 2020b. The relationship between trace elements and the abundance and nutrient contents of sargassum polycystum in different morphogenesis of islands and seasonal variations in Western Indonesian waters. AACL Bioflux, 13(5): 3144–3154.   Google Scholar

Sumandiarsa I.K., Bengen D.G., Santoso J., Januar H.I. 2021a. The impact of spatio-temporal variation on seawater quality and its effect on the domination of Sargassum polycystum on Small Islands in Western Indonesian Waters. Environment Asia Journal, 14(1): 79–92.   Google Scholar

Sumandiarsa I.K., Bengen D.G., Santoso J., Januar H.I. 2021b. Spatial-temporal effect on proximate, trace elements, alginate, and fucoxanthin contents, of Sargassum polycystum brown seaweed. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 48(5): 14.   Google Scholar

Syad A.N., Shunmugiah K.P., Kasi P.D. 2013. Seaweeds as nutritional supplements: Analysis of nutritional profile, physicochemical properties and proximate composition of G. acerosa and S. wightii. Biomedicine and Preventive Nutrition, 3(2): 139–144.   Google Scholar

Terasaki M., Kawagoe C., Ito A., Kumon H., Narayan B., Hosokawa M., Miyashita K. 2017. Spatial and seasonal variations in the biofunctional lipid substances (fucoxanthin and fucosterol) of the laboratory-grown edible Japanese seaweed (Sargassum horneri Turner) cultured in the open sea. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 24(7): 1475–1482.   Google Scholar

Tiwari B.K. 2015. Ultrasound: A clean, green extraction technology. TrAC – Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 71: 100–109.   Google Scholar

Tsuji P.A., Canter J.A., Rosso L.E. 2016. Trace minerals and trace elements. In: Encyclopedia of food and health (1st ed.). Elsevier Ltd, pp. 331–338.   Google Scholar

Widiarti R., Zamani N.P., Bengen D.G., Madduppa H. 2021. Morphotype diversity of prorocentrum lima in the western part of Indonesian waters. Biodiversitas, 22(2): 607–614.   Google Scholar

Wouthuyzen S., Herandarudewi S.M.C., Komatsu T. 2016. Stock assessment of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) along the Bitung-Bentena Coast, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia for alginate product using satellite remote sensing. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33: 553–561.   Google Scholar

Youssouf L., Lallemand L., Giraud P., Soulé F., Bhaw-Luximon A., Meilhac O., D’hellencourt C.L., Jhurry D., Couprie J. 2017. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and structural characterisation by NMR of alginates and carrageenans from seaweeds. Carbohydrate Polymers,   Google Scholar

: 55–63.   Google Scholar

Yuan D., Li C., Huang Q., Fu X. 2020. Ultrasonic degradation effects on the physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of a polysaccharide from Sargassum pallidum. Carbohydrate Polymers, 239: 116230, doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116230. Epub. 2020, Apr 6.   Google Scholar

Zhang R., Zhang X., Tang Y., Mao J. 2020. Composition, isolation, purification and biological activities of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 228: 14.   Google Scholar

Download


Published
2023-06-27

Cited by

Nurbani, S. Z., Sumandiarsa, I. K., Hidayah, L. N., & Siregar, R. Y. (2023). Alginate Characteristics and Fucoxanthin Content from Sargassum polycystum Through Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and the Relationship with Water Quality of Habitat. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, 37(4). https://doi.org/10.31648/pjns.7715

Siti Zachro Nurbani 
Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Indonesia
I Ketut Sumandiarsa 
Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Indonesia
Laely Nur Hidayah 
Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Indonesia
Rezky Yunitasari Siregar 
PT Prima Indo Fish, Benoa, Bali







-->