Assessment of Innovation Gap between Poland and European Union Countries
Edyta Dworak
Department of Microeconomics, University of LodzAbstract
This paper aims to estimate the innovation gap between Poland and European Union countries, and evaluate the innovative position of the Polish economy in relation to EU countries. The assessment was conducted on the grounds of the Summary Innovation Index, presented in the Innovation Union Scoreboard and an examination into the indicators describing the index. Results of the analysis show the occurrence of the innovation gap for the most indicators in comparison to innovative leaders in the EU, as well as to the EU countries with a similar level of economic development, i.e., the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia.
Keywords:
innovation, innovation gap, innovativeness, Innovation Union Scoreboard, Summary Innovation IndexReferences
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Balcerzak A. 2009. The State in the reality of the "New Economy". Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń.
Building the innovative capacity of regions. 2009. Ed. A. Nowakowska. Wydawnictwo Biblioteka, Łódź.
Competitive Poland: How to advance in world economic league? 2013. Ed. J. Hausner, Fundacja GAP, Kraków.
Dworak E. 2012. Knowledge-based economy in Poland: Assessment, conditions, and prospects. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź.
Fagerberg J. 2004. Innovation: A Guide to the Literature. George Institute of Technology.
Fiedor B. 2009. Microeconomics of political transformation. In: 20 years of transformation. Achievements, problemsand prospects. Eds. G.W. Kołodko, J. Tomkiewicz, Wydawnictwo Akademickie i Profesjonalne, Warszawa.
Geodecki T., Gorzelak G., Górniak J., Hausner J., Mazur S., Szlachta J., Zaleski J. 2013. Path to innovation. How to lead the Polish economy out of the growing drift? Fundacja GAP, Kraków.
Gromada A., Janyst T., Golik K. 2015. Foreign Capital. Are we a sub-supplier economy? Fundacja Kaleckiego, Warszawa.
Growiec J. 2012. Aggregate production function in economics of growth and convergence. Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH, Warszawa.
Innovation Union Scoreboard 2010. 2010. Online: www.proinno-europe.eu/metrics.
Innovation Union Scoreboard 2015. 2015. Online: www.proinno-europe.eu/metrics.
Kleer J. 2009. Knowledge-based economy and globalization: Time or causal relationships. In: Knowledge-based economy: A challenge for Poland. Ed. J. Kotowicz-Jawor. PTE, 8th Congress of Polish Economists, Warszawa.
Kraciuk J. 2006. Transnational corporations and the phenomenon of technological gap in developing countries. Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, 61: 13-24. Online: http://www.wne.sggw.pl/czasopisma/pdf/EI0GZ_2006_nr61_s13.pdf.
Kubielas S. 2009. Innovation and technological gap in the global knowledge-based economy. Structural and macroeconomic conditions. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych, Warszawa.
Niedbalska G. 2003. Statistics methodological problems of science, technology, and innovation. Nauka i Szkolnictwo Wyższe, 2(22).
Okoń-Horodyńska E. 2004. What's with the National Innovation System in Poland? In: The role of the Polish science in increasing economic innovation. Ed. E. Okoń-Horodyńska. Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, Warszawa.
Orłowski W.M. 2013. Commercialization of research in Poland: Barriers and opportunities to overcome them. PWC, Warszawa.
Pakulska T. 2005. Poland's Innovative susceptibility to the inflow of foreign technology-intensive capital. Szkoła Główna Handlowa, Warszawa.
Płowiec U. 2010. Reflections on Poland's innovation towards 2020. Ekonomista, 5.
Report on public-private partnership in Poland. 2013. Ed. J. Hausner. Centrum Partnerstwa Publiczno-Prywatnego, Warszawa.
Skawińska E., Zalewski R.I. 2009. Business clusters in the development of competitiveness and innovation of regions. World-Europe-Poland. PWE, Warszawa.
Skrętowicz B., Kożuch-Prokopiuk J. 2015. Polish economy place in international innovativeness rankings. In: Changesofthe labour market in Poland. Eds. A. Organiściak-Krzykowska, M. Cicha--Nazarczuk, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, IPiSS, Warszawa-Olsztyn.
Social Diagnosis 2013. The conditions and quality of life. 2014. Eds. J. Czapiński, F. Panek. Ministerstwo Pracy i Polityki Społecznej, Centrum Zasobów Ludzkich, Warszawa.
The Handbook of Innovation & Services. A Multidisciplinary Perspective. 2010. Eds. F. Gallouj, F. Djellal, E. Elgar. Cheltenham, UK. Northhampton, MA USA.
The strategy of innovation and economic efficiency. 2011. Ministerstwo Gospodarki, Warszawa.
Wysokińska Z. 2009. Competitiveness in the international and global technology market. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
Zacher L. 2007. Transformations of societies from information to knowledge. C.H. Beck, Warszawa.
Dworak, E. (2016). Assessment of Innovation Gap between Poland and European Union Countries. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 11(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.2879
Edyta Dworak
Department of Microeconomics, University of Lodz
Department of Microeconomics, University of Lodz
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