Magnetic field of a radial tire after puncture caused by ferromagnetic elements
Agnieszka Szegda
Stanisław Radkowski
Sebastian Brol
Abstract
Tire, an element of wheel, is made in a sophisticated vulcanization process of many components and some of which such as: bead wire, belt and carcass exhibit ferromagnetic properties. Such components create variable in direction and intensity magnetic field, which expands around tire and the complete wheel. Since the layout of magnetic field is exceptional for every single wheel many of information might be obtained on the basis of it alteration. The reported since now application concentrates on rotational speed measurement, wheel rotations counting and therefore also vehicle linear speed and distance estimation. However up to the present the known solutions did not describe changes in magnetic field in case of damage induced by e.g. puncture caused by ferromagnetic elements. This paper’s aim is to test the thesis that it is possible to detect puncture in tire made by ferromagnetic element by using measurement and analysis of changes of magnetic flux density around tire. The tests were executed using original measuring device, designed especially for such experiments. It registers a magnetic profile, which consists of data series of magnetic flux density measured in this investigations 55 mm above tire’s tread and arranged along with rotation angle. Tire magnetic properties were assessed by using of circumferential magnetic profiles and parameters such as: minimum value (Mmin), maximum value (Mmax), peak to peak value (Mm), average value of ordinates of profile (Mb), skewness of ordinate distribution (Ms) and kurtosis of ordinate distribution (Mk). Magnetic profiles before after puncture were analysed as well as the parameters. Moreover differential signal caused by puncture were determined. It turned out that detected changes are directly related to tire damage and showing in rotation angle where puncture occurs.
Keywords:
magnetic profile, tire, ferromagnetic penetratorReferences
Brol S., Prażnowski K, Augustynowicz A. 2014. Sposób pomiaru prędkości obrotowej koła ogumionego pojazdu drogowego i układ do pomiaru prędkości obrotowej koła ogumionego pojazdu drogowego. MKP, Politechnika Opolska. Patent, Polska, nr PL 223767, 2014.
Brol S., Szegda A. 2017. Prototypowe urządzenie do pomiaru zmian indukcji generowanej przez obracające się koło samochodowe. Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka, 1: 51–56.
Brol S., Szegda A. 2017. Direct measurement of magnetic flux density of car’s wheels. Proceedings of the Institute of Vehicles, 2(111): 37–44.
Chmielewski A., Radkowski S., Szulim P. 2013. Badania Czujnika Flux–Gate. Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów, 5(96).
Gajšek P., Ravazzani P., Grellier J., Samaras T., Bakos J., Thuróczy G. 2010. Review of Studies Concerning Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposure Assessment in Europe: Low Frequency Fields (50 Hz–100 kHz). Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 141(3): 255–268.
Gontarz G., Radkowski S. 2011. Magnetic Methods in Diagnosis of Machines and Infrastructural Objects – A Survey. Diagnostyka – Diagnostics and Structural Health Monitoring, 1(57).
Jens B. 2002. EFM Measurements of Cars and Trucks. http://www.eiwellspring.org/ehs/emfmeasurementsofcarsandtrucks.pdf (access 3.07.2018).
Kawase M., Tazaki S. 2001. Method for detecting the magnetic field of a tire. US 6404182 B1.
Kawase M., Tazaki S., Kaneko H., Sato H., Urayama N. 2001. Method and apparatus for detecting tire revolution using magnetic field. US 6246226 B1.
Milham S., Hatfield J. B., Tell R. 1999. Magnetic Fields From Steel-Belted Radial Tires: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies, Bioelectromagnetics, 20: 440–445.
Stankowski S., Kessi A., Bécheiraz O., Meier-Engel K., Meier M. 2003. Low frequency magnetic fields in cars, induced by tire magnetisation. Work was supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, Berne, Switzerland, grant numbers: 02.000277/02.001005/03.0005427/03.000542.
Szegda A., Brol S. 2017. Measurement device of magnetic flux density of tire. Proceedings of the Institute of Vehicles, 2(111): 121–128.
