Social conflicts related to nature conservation in Polish marine areas

Monika Michałek

doi:10.31648/aspal.10262

Published: 2025-07-25

Vol. 24 No. 2 (2025)

Social conflicts related to nature conservation in Polish marine areas

Monika Michałek

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10262

Abstract

Motives: The concept of nature conservation is central to all discussions about the state of the environment and the identified ecological problems and conflicts. Man’s attitude towards nature has changed over the decades. At present, the protection of natural values is one of the challenges facing every society, and protected areas are becoming a field of complex social conflicts. The issue of ecological conflicts has been discussed in the literature for several decades. However, the number of studies based on empirical research concerning Polish marine areas (PMAs) is limited.

Aim: The aim of this study was to characterize social conflicts related to selected marine protected areas (MPAs) located in the internal waters and Polish exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The fundamental research questions were: (i) what types of conflicts were identified during public consultations in selected, legally protected marine areas, (ii) what was the nature of these conflicts, who were the participants, and finally (iii) what solutions to these conflicts were proposed by the surveyed participants during the consultations? The study relied on Moore’s concept, which identifies five main sources of conflict: relationships, data, interests, values, and structure.

Results: Social conflicts concerning selected PMAs were recognized and characterized. Four areas of conflict were identified: conflicts over protected area boundaries, conflicts over authority, conflicts over the principles of protected area management, and conflicts over the development of new forms of protection. Conflicts in marine areas have spatial, economic, scientific, cultural, and ideological dimensions, reflecting diverse interests, environmental concerns, and human-nature relationships. Effective conflict mitigation strategies include environmental education and effective communication.

Keywords:

social conflicts, protected areas, conservation plans, public consultations, Polish marine areas (PMAs)

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Michałek, M. (2025). Social conflicts related to nature conservation in Polish marine areas. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, 24(2), 237–252. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.10262

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