Fatigue crack detection method using analysis of vibration signal
Arkadiusz Rychlik
Krzysztof Ligier
Abstract
This paper discusses the method used to identify the process involving fatigue cracking of samples on the basis of selected vibration signal characteristics. Acceleration of vibrations has been chosen as a diagnostic signal in the analysis of sample cross section. Signal characteristics in form of change in vibration amplitudes and corresponding changes in FFT spectrum have been indicated for the acceleration. The tests were performed on a designed setup, where destruction process was caused by the force of inertia of the sample. Based on the conducted tests, it was found that the demonstrated sample structure change identification method may be applied to identify the technical condition of the structure in the aspect of loss of its continuity and its properties (e.g.: mechanical and fatigue cracks). The vibration analysis results have been verified by penetration and visual methods, using a scanning electron microscope.
Keywords:
fatigue cracking, diagnostic signal, force of inertia, microscopic examinationReferences
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ANDREAUS U. 2012. Experimental damage detection of cracked beams by using nonlinear characteristics of forced response. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258683466.
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ANDREAUS U., BARAGATTI P. 2011. Cracked beam identification by numerically analysing the nonlinear behaviour of the harmonically forced response. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 330: 721-742.
ANDREAUS U., BARAGATTI P. 2012. Experimental damage detection of cracked beams by using nonlinear characteristics of forced response. Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 31(8): 382-404. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.04.007.
ANDREAUS U., BARAGATTI P., CASINI P., IACOVIELLO D. 2016. Experimental damage evaluation of open and fatigue cracks of multi-cracked beams by using wavelet transform of static response via image analysis. Structural Control and Health Monitoring. doi: 10.1002/stc.1902.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P. 2016. Identification of multiple open and fatigue cracks in beam-like structures using wavelets on deflection signals. Continuum Mech. Thermodyn., 28: 361-378. doi 10.1007/s00161-015-0435-4.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P., VESTRONI F. 2003. Frequency reduction in elastic beams due to a stable crack: numerical results compared with measured test data. Engng. Trans., 51(1): 87-101.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P., VESTRONI F. 2005. Nonlinear features in the dynamic response of a cracked beam under harmonic forcing. Proc. of DETC’05,2005 ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Long Beach, California, USA, September 24-28, Volume 6 C, pp. 2083-2089. doi: 10.1115/DETC2005-85672.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P., VESTRONI F. 2007. Nonlinear Dynamics of a Cracked Cantilever Beam Under Harmonic Excitation. Int. J. of Non-Linear Mechanics, 42(3): 566-575. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec. 2006.08.007.
BIAŁKOWSKI P., KRĘŻEL B. 2015. Early detection of cracks in rear suspension beam with the use of time domain estimates of vibration during the fatigue testing. Diagnostyka, 16(4): 55-62.
BRODA D., KLEPKA A., STASZEWSKI W.J., SCARPA F. 2014a. Nonlinear Acoustics in Non-destructive Testing - from Theory to Experimental Application. Key Engineering Materials, 588: 192-201.
BRODA D., STASZEWSKI W.J., MARTOWICZ A., UHL T., SILBERSCHMIDT V.V. 2014b. Modelling of nonlinear crack-wave interactions for damage detection based on ultrasound - a review. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 333: 1097-1118.
CHENG S.M., WU X.J., WALLACE W. 1996. Vibrational response of a beam with a breathing crack. J. Sound Vib., 225(1): 201-208.
GIBSON R.F. 2000. Modal vibration response measurements for characterization of composite materials and structures. Composites Science and Technology, 60: 2769-2780.
GUDMUNSON P. 1983. The dynamic behavior of slender structures with cross sectional cracks. J.Mech. Phys. Solids., 31: 329-345.
JASSIM Z.A., ALI N.N., MUSTAPHA F., ABDUL JALIL N.A. 2013. A review on the vibration analysis for a damage occurrence of a cantilever beam. Engineering Failure Analysis, 31: 442-461.
KAŹMIERCZAK H., PAWŁOWSKI T., WOJNIŁOWICZ Ł. 2013. Quantifiable measures of the structural degradation of construction materials. Diagnostyka, 14(4): 77-83.
KLEPKA A., PIECZONKA L., STASZEWSKI W.J., AYMERICH F. 2014. Impact damage detection in laminated composites by non-linear vibro-acoustic wave modulations. Composites, Part B, 65: 99-108.
KYRRE AS S., SKALLERUD B., TVEITEN B.W. 2008. Surface Roughness Characterization for Fatigue Life Predictions Using Finite Element Analysis. International Journal of Fatigue, 30: 2200-2209.
LIU B., GANG T., WAN C., WANG C. LUO Z. 2015. Analysis of nonlinear modulation between sound and vibrations in metallic structure and its use for damage detection. Nondestructive Testingand Evaluation, 30(3): 277-290.
MENDROK K. 2014. Multiple damage localization using local modal filters. Diagnostyka, 15(3): 15-21.
OH B.K., CHOI S.W., PARK H.S. 2015. Damage Detection Technique for Cold-Formed Steel Beam Structure Based on NSGA-II. Shock and Vibration, 2015, article ID 354564. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/354564.
OSTACHOWICZ W.M., KRAWCZUK M. 1991. Analysis of the effect of cracks on the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam. J. Sound Vib., 138: 191-201.
PANTELIOU S.D., CHANDROS T.G., ARGYRAKIS V.C., DIMARAGONAS A.D. 2001. Damping factor as an indicator of crack severity. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 241: 235-245.
PN EN ISO 3059:2013-06E: Non-destructive testing - Penetranttesting and magnetic particle testing - Viewingconditions.
PN EN ISO 3452-1:2013-08E: Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing - General principles.
PREIBISCH S., SAALFELD S., TOMANCAK P. 2009. Globally optimal stitching of tiled 3D microscopic image acquisitions. Bioinformatics, 25(11): 1463-1465.
RADKOWSKI S, SZCZUROWSKI K. 2012. Use of vibroacoustic signals for diagnosis of prestressed structures. Eksploatacja i Niezawodność. Maintenance and Reliability, 14(1): 84-91.
SINHA J.K., FRISWELL M.I., EDWARDS S. 2002. Simplified models for the location of cracks in beam structures using measured vibration data. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 251(1): 13-38.
SUDINTAS A., PAŠKEVIČIUS P., SPRUOGIS B., MASKELIÜNAS R. 2015. Measurement of stability of a pipe system with flowing fluid. Journal of Measurements in Engineering, 3(3): 87-91.
TAO J., FENG Y., TANG K. 2014. Fatigue crack detection for a structural hotspot. Journal of Measurements in Engineering, 2(1): 49-56.
TROCHIDIS A., HADJILEONTIADIS L., ZACHARIAS K. 2014. Analysis of vibroacoustic modulations for crack detection: A Time-Frequency Approach Based on Zhao-Atlas-Marks Distribution. Shock and Vibration, 2014, article ID 102157. doi: ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/102157.
TROJNIAR T., KLEPKA A., PIECZONKA L., STASZEWSKI W.J. 2014. Fatigue crack detection using nonlinear vibro-acoustic cross-modulations based on the Luxemburg-Gorky effect. Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2014, 90641F. doi: 10.1117/12.2046471.
XU Q. 2014. Impact detection and location for a plate structure using least squares support vector machines. Structural Health Monitoring, 13(1): 5-18.
ZHOU Z. 2006. Vibration based damage detection of simple bridge superstructures. PhD thesis. University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon.
ANDREAUS U. 2012. Experimental damage detection of cracked beams by using nonlinear characteristics of forced response. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258683466.
ANDREAUS U., BARAGATTI P. 2009. Fatigue crack growth, free vibrations and breathing crack detection of Aluminium Alloy and Steel beams. J. of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 44(7): 595-608. doi: 10.1243/03093247JSA527.
ANDREAUS U., BARAGATTI P. 2011. Cracked beam identification by numerically analysing the nonlinear behaviour of the harmonically forced response. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 330: 721-742.
ANDREAUS U., BARAGATTI P. 2012. Experimental damage detection of cracked beams by using nonlinear characteristics of forced response. Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 31(8): 382-404. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.04.007.
ANDREAUS U., BARAGATTI P., CASINI P., IACOVIELLO D. 2016. Experimental damage evaluation of open and fatigue cracks of multi-cracked beams by using wavelet transform of static response via image analysis. Structural Control and Health Monitoring. doi: 10.1002/stc.1902.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P. 2016. Identification of multiple open and fatigue cracks in beam-like structures using wavelets on deflection signals. Continuum Mech. Thermodyn., 28: 361-378. doi 10.1007/s00161-015-0435-4.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P., VESTRONI F. 2003. Frequency reduction in elastic beams due to a stable crack: numerical results compared with measured test data. Engng. Trans., 51(1): 87-101.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P., VESTRONI F. 2005. Nonlinear features in the dynamic response of a cracked beam under harmonic forcing. Proc. of DETC’05,2005 ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, Long Beach, California, USA, September 24-28, Volume 6 C, pp. 2083-2089. doi: 10.1115/DETC2005-85672.
ANDREAUS U., CASINI P., VESTRONI F. 2007. Nonlinear Dynamics of a Cracked Cantilever Beam Under Harmonic Excitation. Int. J. of Non-Linear Mechanics, 42(3): 566-575. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec. 2006.08.007.
BIAŁKOWSKI P., KRĘŻEL B. 2015. Early detection of cracks in rear suspension beam with the use of time domain estimates of vibration during the fatigue testing. Diagnostyka, 16(4): 55-62.
BRODA D., KLEPKA A., STASZEWSKI W.J., SCARPA F. 2014a. Nonlinear Acoustics in Non-destructive Testing - from Theory to Experimental Application. Key Engineering Materials, 588: 192-201.
BRODA D., STASZEWSKI W.J., MARTOWICZ A., UHL T., SILBERSCHMIDT V.V. 2014b. Modelling of nonlinear crack-wave interactions for damage detection based on ultrasound - a review. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 333: 1097-1118.
CHENG S.M., WU X.J., WALLACE W. 1996. Vibrational response of a beam with a breathing crack. J. Sound Vib., 225(1): 201-208.
GIBSON R.F. 2000. Modal vibration response measurements for characterization of composite materials and structures. Composites Science and Technology, 60: 2769-2780.
GUDMUNSON P. 1983. The dynamic behavior of slender structures with cross sectional cracks. J.Mech. Phys. Solids., 31: 329-345.
JASSIM Z.A., ALI N.N., MUSTAPHA F., ABDUL JALIL N.A. 2013. A review on the vibration analysis for a damage occurrence of a cantilever beam. Engineering Failure Analysis, 31: 442-461.
KAŹMIERCZAK H., PAWŁOWSKI T., WOJNIŁOWICZ Ł. 2013. Quantifiable measures of the structural degradation of construction materials. Diagnostyka, 14(4): 77-83.
KLEPKA A., PIECZONKA L., STASZEWSKI W.J., AYMERICH F. 2014. Impact damage detection in laminated composites by non-linear vibro-acoustic wave modulations. Composites, Part B, 65: 99-108.
KYRRE AS S., SKALLERUD B., TVEITEN B.W. 2008. Surface Roughness Characterization for Fatigue Life Predictions Using Finite Element Analysis. International Journal of Fatigue, 30: 2200-2209.
LIU B., GANG T., WAN C., WANG C. LUO Z. 2015. Analysis of nonlinear modulation between sound and vibrations in metallic structure and its use for damage detection. Nondestructive Testingand Evaluation, 30(3): 277-290.
MENDROK K. 2014. Multiple damage localization using local modal filters. Diagnostyka, 15(3): 15-21.
OH B.K., CHOI S.W., PARK H.S. 2015. Damage Detection Technique for Cold-Formed Steel Beam Structure Based on NSGA-II. Shock and Vibration, 2015, article ID 354564. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/354564.
OSTACHOWICZ W.M., KRAWCZUK M. 1991. Analysis of the effect of cracks on the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam. J. Sound Vib., 138: 191-201.
PANTELIOU S.D., CHANDROS T.G., ARGYRAKIS V.C., DIMARAGONAS A.D. 2001. Damping factor as an indicator of crack severity. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 241: 235-245.
PN EN ISO 3059:2013-06E: Non-destructive testing - Penetranttesting and magnetic particle testing - Viewingconditions.
PN EN ISO 3452-1:2013-08E: Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing - General principles.
PREIBISCH S., SAALFELD S., TOMANCAK P. 2009. Globally optimal stitching of tiled 3D microscopic image acquisitions. Bioinformatics, 25(11): 1463-1465.
RADKOWSKI S, SZCZUROWSKI K. 2012. Use of vibroacoustic signals for diagnosis of prestressed structures. Eksploatacja i Niezawodność. Maintenance and Reliability, 14(1): 84-91.
SINHA J.K., FRISWELL M.I., EDWARDS S. 2002. Simplified models for the location of cracks in beam structures using measured vibration data. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 251(1): 13-38.
SUDINTAS A., PAŠKEVIČIUS P., SPRUOGIS B., MASKELIÜNAS R. 2015. Measurement of stability of a pipe system with flowing fluid. Journal of Measurements in Engineering, 3(3): 87-91.
TAO J., FENG Y., TANG K. 2014. Fatigue crack detection for a structural hotspot. Journal of Measurements in Engineering, 2(1): 49-56.
TROCHIDIS A., HADJILEONTIADIS L., ZACHARIAS K. 2014. Analysis of vibroacoustic modulations for crack detection: A Time-Frequency Approach Based on Zhao-Atlas-Marks Distribution. Shock and Vibration, 2014, article ID 102157. doi: ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/102157.
TROJNIAR T., KLEPKA A., PIECZONKA L., STASZEWSKI W.J. 2014. Fatigue crack detection using nonlinear vibro-acoustic cross-modulations based on the Luxemburg-Gorky effect. Health Monitoring of Structural and Biological Systems 2014, 90641F. doi: 10.1117/12.2046471.
XU Q. 2014. Impact detection and location for a plate structure using least squares support vector machines. Structural Health Monitoring, 13(1): 5-18.
ZHOU Z. 2006. Vibration based damage detection of simple bridge superstructures. PhD thesis. University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon.
Rychlik, A., & Ligier, K. (2017). Fatigue crack detection method using analysis of vibration signal. Technical Sciences, 20(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.31648/ts.2909
Arkadiusz Rychlik
Krzysztof Ligier
