Bridging the gap in injustice urbanism

Maryam Said; Mohammed Qasim Abdul Ghafoor  Al Ani

doi:10.31648/aspal.7416

Published: 2022-08-301

Vol. 21 No. 3 (2022)

Bridging the gap in injustice urbanism

Maryam Said , Mohammed Qasim Abdul Ghafoor Al Ani

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7416

Abstract

Cities are often divided by invisible borders, and this demarcation is man-made, with some areas featuring large infrastructure, well-maintained parks, gardens, and upscale residential areas. In contrast, other areas are characterized by severe deprivation, inadequate housing, inadequate services, poor recreation and cultural facilities, deterioration, and scarce infrastructure investment. These tangible differences come as symptoms of intangible and persistent divisions in society that distribute unequal opportunities and freedoms among the population. The research problem has shown the lack of clarity and diagnosis of urban problems that led to the emergence of the urban gap in cities). This paper focuses on breaking down the difficult edges created by the urban zoning of the city that would enhance interactions between communities and social classes through a practical study on a selected sample (Al-Hussein neighbourhood and Al-Intisar neighbourhood, Al-Muthanna, Iraq). The research concluded the importance of finding appropriate architectural and urban solutions and strategies to cross the urban inequality gap and achieve justice.

Keywords:

urban gaps, urban problems, urban injustice, divisions, deprivation, boundaries

Download files

PDF

Citation rules

Said, M., & Al Ani, M. Q. A. G. (2022). Bridging the gap in injustice urbanism. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, 21(3), 435–446. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7416

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Altinok, E., & Cengiz, H. (2008). The effects of urban sprawl on spatial fragmentation and social segregation in Istanbul. In 44th ISOCARP Congress.
Google Scholar

Avni, N., & Yiftachel, O. (2014). The new divided city? Planning and ‘gray space’ between global north-west and south-east. In The Routledge handbook on cities of the Global South (pp. 509–527). Routledge. doi: 10.4324/9780203387832.ch41.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Baftijari I. & et al. (2007). Inclusive And Sustainable Urban Planning: A Guide For Municipalities. UN-Habitat.
Google Scholar

Bianchi, M. (2019). Renewing the city through public participation and cultural activities. The case study of Gillet square, a community-led urban regeneration project. Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, 8(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.5947/jeod.2019.001.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Bolay, J.-C. (2020). Urban Planning Against Poverty: how to think and do better cities in the global south. Springer Nature. doi: 1007/978-3-030-28419-0.
Crossref
Google Scholar

DESA. (2016). Accessibility and Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Urban Development.
Google Scholar

Biazzo, I., Monechi, B., & Loreto, V. (2019). General scores for accessibility and inequality measures in urban areas. Royal Society Open Science, 6(8), 190979. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190979.
Crossref
Google Scholar

van Gent, W.P., Musterd, S., & Ostendorf, W.J. (2009). Bridging the social divide? Reflections on current Dutch neighbourhood policy. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 24(3), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-009-9144-2.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Ham, M. van, Tammaru, T., de Vuijst, E., & Zwiers, M. (2016). Spatial segregation and socio-economic mobility in European cities. Available at SSRN 2861022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2861022.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Irani, M., & Rahnamayiezekavat, P.R. (2021). An overview of urban resilience: dimensions, components, and approaches. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Administratio Locorum, 20(4), 305–322. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7054.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Jaeger, J.A., Schwarz-von Raumer, H.G., Esswein, H., Müller, M., & Schmidt-Lüttmann, M. (2007). Time series of landscape fragmentation caused by transportation infrastructure and urban development: a case study from Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Ecology and Society, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01983-120122.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Jian, I.Y., Luo, J., & Chan, E.H. (2020). Spatial justice in public open space planning: Accessibility and inclusivity. Habitat International, 97, 102122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102122.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Krzywnicka, I., & Jankowska, P. (2021). The accessibility of public urban green space. A case study of Białystok city. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Administratio Locorum, 20(3), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.6794.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Landry, S.M., & Chakraborty, J. (2009). Street trees and equity: evaluating the spatial distribution of an urban amenity. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 41(11), 2651–2670. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41236.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Litman, T. (2017). Evaluating accessibility for transport planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
Google Scholar

Little, W., McGivern, R., Keirns, N., Strayer, E., Griffiths, H., Cody-Rydzewski, S., ... & Vyain, S. (2014). Introduction to Sociology – 1st Canadian edition. Retrieved from: https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/open/download?type=print_pdf.
Google Scholar

Marom, N. (2019). Urban visions and divisions in the global south: Comparing strategies for Mumbai and Cape Town. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 44(4), 778–793. https://doi.org/10.1111/tran.12309.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Mekawy, H., & Yousry, A. (2012). Cairo: The Predicament of a Fragmented Metropolis. Journal for Urban Research, 9. https://doi.org/10.21608/JUR.2012.94057.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Onyango, G.M., Dymitrow, M., Oloko, M., & Agong, S. (2021). Co-production of urban knowledge: Context approach for effective and efficient governance of cities. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Administratio Locorum, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.5728.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Powers, D. (2016). Permeable City: Mending the Urban Fabric Through Breaking Down Infrastructure. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston University.
Google Scholar

Purwantiasning, A.W., Schneider, V., & Whittingham, N. (2015). Urban Planning Policies and Strategies for Revitalization: An Overview and Comparison of Experiences from Developed and Developing Regions. Inst. Planeam. Urbano y Reg. Faculdad Arquit. y Urban. Univ. Nac. del Nord. Resist. Argentina.
Google Scholar

Rashid, S.F. (2009). Strategies to reduce exclusion among populations living in urban slum settlements in Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 27(4), 574. https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v27i4.3403.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Rofé, Y., Benenson, I., Martens, K., Ben-Elia, E., & Mednik, N. (2015). Accessibility and Social Equity in Tel-Aviv Metropolitan Area-examination of the current conditions and development scenarios. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.4141.3284.
Google Scholar

SDD. (2011). Bridging the urban divide in the ESCWA region: towards inclusive cities. Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA).
Google Scholar

Solari, C.D. (2012). Affluent neighbourhood persistence and change in US cities. City and Community, 11(4), 370–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2012.01422.x.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Public life & urban justice in NYC’s plazas. (2015). A collaborative research project on the New York City Plaza Program by the J. Max Bond Center, Transportation Alternatives, and the Gehl practice.
Google Scholar

UN-Habitat. (2010). State of the world’s cities 2010/2011: Bridging the urban divide. London, Earthscan. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2011.579779.
Google Scholar

UN-Habitat. (2011). Cairo: A City in Transition. The Cities and Citizens Series. Bridging the Urban Divide. Retrieved from: https://issuu.com/unhabitat/docs/cities_and_citizen_series-_bridging_the_urban_divi/201.
Google Scholar

Maryam Said

st.maraim.saeed@ced.nahrainuniv.edu.iq

Affiliation:

Al-Nahrain University Iraq

Mohammed Qasim Abdul Ghafoor Al Ani

Affiliation:

Al-Nahrain University Iraq