The article presents the philosophical thought of Henryk Elzenberg. According to the philosopher, the main theoretical problem of philosophy is the attitude towards existence. This problem of philosophical anthropology affects his ethics as well as it defines his attitude towards religion and mysticism. ‘Life is meaningful if it realizes some values’, ‘you get the meaning of life, but you do not give meaning to life’. Since our life and the world itself are devoid of sense, one should properly shape one’s own self. Fortitude, heroism, the ideal of courage, the right for freedom, being faithful to one’s own values – these are the virtues arising from ethics, which are understood as ‘the science of one’s brave behaviour towards being’. Developing the theory of values, which he perceived as sanctity, he was aware of the nonsense and littleness of the world surrounding him. ‘All that is real is senseless, and all that makes sense is unreal’, says Elzenberg.
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