Summary of the most important changes in sexual dysfunction and sexual health introduced in the latest revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems ICD-11
Magdalena Smaś-Myszczyszyn
Psychotherapy Office Magdalena Smaś-Myszczyszyn, Warsawhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-1861
Remigiusz Ryziński
WSB University in Warsawhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-555X
Abstrakt
Aim
The aim of this publication is to review the changes introduced by the latest revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Health Problems, within sexual health and to compare them to the previously valid ICD-10.
Method
This paper reviews both classifications and compares them with each other, presents diagnostic criteria for the most important changes within sexual dysfunctions, paraphilic disorders, gender non-conformity, sexual orientation and compulsive sexual disorders. The changes introduced in ICD-11 were proposed based on advances in research and clinical practice, as well as significant changes in social attitudes and human rights. This article describes and compares the main changes that have occurred in this area.
Results
The World Health Organization has introduced far-reaching changes in the area of understanding and diagnosis of sexual dysfunctions by combining its psychological and physiological components, creating a bio-psycho-social model of sexual disorders. Another revolutionary change is the depathologisation and de-medicalisation of gender identity by introducing the term gender non-conformity and regrouping it from the previous category of personality and behavioural disorders to the newly created category of sexual health. ICD-11 also uses less oppressive and empowering terms. ICD-11 removed the category ‘Mental and behavioural disorders related to sexual development and orientation’, deeming it outdated and clinically irrelevant, and made significant changes to paraphilic disorders by excluding normative but atypical sexual behaviours such as fetishism, sadomasochism, fetishistic transvestism, and introducing diagnoses of dripping and compulsive sexual sadism. In the area of paraphilic disorders, a clear distinction is made between clinically significant and public health-relevant conditions and those that merely reflect private atypical sexual behaviour. The last significant change is the introduction of the category of compulsive sexual behaviour in the group of impulse control disorders.
Słowa kluczowe:
ICD-11, sexual dysfunctions, sexual incompatibility, compulsive sexual behaviourBibliografia
Clark, L. A., Cuthbert, B., Lewis-Fernandez, R., Narrow, W. E., & Reed, G. M. (2017). Three Approaches to Understanding and Classifying Mental Disorder: ICD-11, DSM-5, and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). PsychologicalScience in the Public Interest, 18(2), 72–145. DOI: 10.1177/1529100617727266. Google Scholar
Cooper, R. V. (2014). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. London: Karnac. Google Scholar
First, M. B., Reed, G. M., Hyman, S. E., & Saxena, S. (2015). The development of the ICD-11 clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for mental and behavioural disorders. World Psychiatry, 14(1), 82–90. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20189. Google Scholar
Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., First, M. B., Stein, D. J., Kaplan, M. S., … Reed, G. M. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109–110. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20499. Google Scholar
Krueger, R. F., Kotov, R., Watson, D., Forbes, M. F., Eaton, N. R., Ruggero, C. J., … Zimmermann, J. (2018). Progress in achieving quantitative classification of psychopathology. World Psychiatry, 17(3), 282–293. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20566. Google Scholar
Krueger, R. B., Reed, G. M., First, M. B., Marais, A., Kismodi, E., & Briken, P. (2017). Proposals for paraphilic disorders in the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 1529–1545 DOI: 10.1007/s10508–017–0944–2. Google Scholar
Reed, G. M., Drescher, J., Krueger, R. B., Atalla, E., Cochran, S. D., First, M. D., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Arango-de Montis, I., Parish, S. J., Cottler, S., Briken, P., & Saxena, S. (2016). Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations. World Psychiatry, 15(3), 205–221. DOI:10.1002/wps.20354. Google Scholar
Reed, G. M., First, M. B., Kogan, C. S., Hyman, S. E., Gureje, O., Gaebel, W., Maj, M., Stein, D. J., Maercker, A., Tyrer, P., Claudino, A., Garralda, E., Salvador-Carulla, L., Ray, R., Saunders, J. B., Dua T., Poznyak, V., Medina-Mora. M. E., Pike, K. M., … Saxena, S. (2019) Innovations and changes in the ICD-11 classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. World Psychiatry, 18(1), 3–19. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20611. Google Scholar
Reed, G. M., Keeley, J. W., Rebello, T. J., First, M. B., Gureje, O., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Kanba, S., Khoury, B., Kogan, C. S., Krasnov, V., N., Maj, M., de Jesus Mari, J., Sharan, P., Stein, D. J., Zhao, M., Akiyama, T., Andrews, H. F., Asevedo, E., Cheour, M., … Medina-Mora, M. E. (2018). Clinical utility of ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines for high-burden mental disorders: results from mental health settings in 13 countries. World Psychiatry, 17(3), 306–315. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20581. Google Scholar
Reed, G. M., Sharan, P., Rebello, T. J., First, M. B., Gureje, O., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., … Medina-Mora, M. E. (2018). The ICD-11 developmental field study of reliability of diagnoses of high-burden mental disorders: results among adult patients in mental health settings of 13 countries. World Psychiatry, 17(2), 174–186. DOI: 10.1002/ wps.20524. Google Scholar
Smaś-Myszczyszyn, M. (2018). Zaburzenia hiperseksualne [Hypersexual disorders]. In Praca zbiorowa, Seksualność w praktyce psychologicznej. Analiza przypadków w przełożeniu na skuteczne metody pracy terapeutycznej [Collective work, Sexuality in psychological practice. Case analysis translated into effective methods of therapeutic work] (pp. 107–116). Poznań: Forum Media Polska. Google Scholar
Smaś-Myszczyszyn, M. (2019). Kompulsywne zaburzenia seksualne [Compulsive sexual disorders]. In M. Rawinska (Ed.), Zaburzenia seksualne a psychoterapia poznawczo-behawioralna [Sexual disorders and cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy] (pp. 85–102). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL. Google Scholar
Smaś-Myszczyszyn, M. (2022a). Diagnoza kompulsywnych zachowań seksualnych [Diagnosis of compulsive sexual behawior]. In Z. Lew-Starowicz (Ed.), Psychoseksuologia. Metody diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne [Psychosexology. Diagnostic and therapeutic methods] (pp. 241–254). Sopot: GWP. Google Scholar
Smaś-Myszczyszn, M. (2022b). Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania zaburzeń hiperseksualnych [niepublikowany maszynopis] [Psychosocial determinants of hypersexual disorders [unpublished typescript]]. IPiN. https://ipin.edu.pl/. Google Scholar
Smaś-Myszczyszn, M., & Lew-Starowicz, M. (2022). Kompulsywne zaburzenia seksualne a zaburzenia parafilne – analiza porównawcza [niepublikowany maszynopis] [Compulsive sexual disorders versus paraphilic disorders ‒ a comparative analysis [unpublished typescript]]. IPiN. https://ipin.edu.pl/. Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization. Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2018). ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics (ICD-11 MMS). Retrieved from https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en. Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2022). 17 – Conditions related to sexual health. Retrieved from https://www.findacode.com/icd-11/chapter-17.html. Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Classification of Diseases (ICD). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Google Scholar
Psychotherapy Office Magdalena Smaś-Myszczyszyn, Warsaw
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-1861
Licencja
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
