Reaktancja wobec regulacji antycovidowych – systematyczny przegląd badań

Dariusz Drążkowski

Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki


Abstrakt

Cel: W trakcie pandemii COVID-19 wiele osób odczuwało zagrożenie swojej wolności z powodu wprowadzenia przez rządy ograniczeń dotyczących określonych zachowań, które motywowało je do podejmowania działań przeciwko tym ograniczeniom. Teoria reaktancji okazała się przydatna w wyjaśnianiu motywacji tych osób do sprzeciwiania się regulacjom antycovidowym. Opublikowano wiele badań, które pokazały, że doświadczanie reaktancji wobec tej polityki prowadzi do podejmowania działań z nią sprzecznych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest opisanie systematycznego przeglądu badań dotyczących zależności między regulacjami mającymi na celu ograniczenie pandemii a reaktancją wobec tych działań.

Metoda: Do przeglądu włączono prace z baz danych EBSCO, Web of Science i Scopus, w których jednocześnie dokonywano pomiaru reaktancji jako stanu lub cechy oraz zmiennych bezpośrednio związanych z walką z pandemią COVID-19.

Wyniki: Przegląd literatury pozwolił zidentyfikować 59 badań zależności między regulacjami antycovidowymi a reaktancją wobec tych działań. Przeprowadzono analizę cech badanych populacji, metodologii badań i uzyskanych wyników. W pracy wyszczególniono środki perswazyjne nakłaniające do działań zgodnych z rekomendacjami rządzących, które nasilają i obniżają reaktancję oraz te, które na nią nie wpływają. Ponadto opisano szereg zależności między reaktancją (cechą i stanem przeciw regulacjom) a gotowością do podążania za regulacjami antycovidowymi.

Konkluzja: Przedstawiony przegląd literatury pozwolił zidentyfikować determinanty odczuwania stanu reaktancji przeciw regulacjom antycovidowym oraz opisać zależności między reaktancją a skutecznością tychże regulacji. Wyniki przeglądu mogą pomóc w projektowaniu przyszłych regulacji ukierunkowanych na walkę z epidemiami.


Słowa kluczowe:

reaktancja, zagrożenie wolności, pandemia COVID-19, środki ochronne, szczepienia


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2023-12-17

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Drążkowski, D. (2023). Reaktancja wobec regulacji antycovidowych – systematyczny przegląd badań. Przegląd Psychologiczny, 66(2), 31–62. https://doi.org/10.31648/przegldpsychologiczny.9120

Dariusz Drążkowski 
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki