Prospective Memory in People With Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Marta Agata Witkowska

University of Gdańsk, Institute of Psychology
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-0647


Abstract

Goal: The efficiency of the respiratory system determines patients’ good physical condition and proper functioning of the brain. The failure of this system is associated with the processes of physiological aging or diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reducing the transport of oxygen to the brain directly impairs mental performance. Prospective memory (PM) is a set of processes or abilities that enable the formulation, storage and implementation of goals and intentions in the future. It’s assumed that the type of disease and the degree of respiratory failure affect mental functions. Therefore the main aim of the study was to determine the general characteristics of PM functioning in people with selected respiratory diseases.

Method: The study involved 116 adults (mean age = 52.4 years; SD = 6.41) diagnosed with asthma (N = 30), COPD (N = 32), controls with allergic rhinitis (N = 27) and healthy controls (N = 27). There were no statistically significant differences in education and age between the groups. The following methods were used: Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, WAIS-R Digit Span, Trail Making Test, Beck Depression Inventory and a clinical task based on The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT).

Results: People with COPD, compared to control groups and patients with asthma, scored lower on tests assessing cognitive functioning, including prospective memory (PM). Respiratory efficiency has been identified as the strongest predictor of PM dysfunction in patients with COPD and asthma.

Conclusion: Respiratory failure poses a risk of serious cognitive disorders associated with respiratory indicators. Patients diagnosed with asthma or COPD are required to actively engage in therapy, including anticipating situations that may lead to exacerbations. However, the results suggest that individuals with COPD may struggle to meet the therapeutic demands placed upon them.


Keywords:

prospective memory, respiratory failure, COPD, asthma


Agustí, A., Celli, B. R., Criner, G. J., Halpin, D., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P., Bourbeau, J., Han, M. K., Martinez, F. J., Montes de Oca, M., Mortimer, K., Papi, A., Pavord, I., Roche, N., Salvi, S., Sin, D. D., Singh, D., Stockley, R., López Varela, M. V., ... Vogelmeier, C. F. (2023). Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2023 Report: GOLD Executive Summary. The European Respiratory Journal, 61(4), Article 2300239. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00239-2023
Crossref   Google Scholar

Alqahtani, J. S., Oyelade, T., Aldhahir, A. M., Alghamdi, S. M., Almehmadi, M., Alqahtani, A. S., Quaderi, S., Mandal, S., & Hurst, J. R. (2020). Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 15(5), e0233147. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233147
Crossref   Google Scholar

Alqahtani, J. S., Oyelade, T., Aldhahir, A. M., Mendes, R. G., Alghamdi, S. M., Miravitlles, M., Mandal, S., & Hurst, J. R. (2021). Reduction in hospitalised COPD exacerbations during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0255659. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255659
Crossref   Google Scholar

Altgassen, M., Henry, J. D., Bürgler, S., & Kliegel, M. (2011). The influence of emotional target cues on prospective memory performance in depression. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(8), 910–916.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Anstey, K. J., Windsor, T. D., Jorm, A. F., Christensen, H., & Rodgers, B. (2004). Association of pulmonary function with cognitive performance in early, middle and late adulthood. Gerontology, 50(4), 230–234. https://doi.org/10.1159/000078352
Crossref   Google Scholar

Bender, B. (2005). Cognitive effects of allergic rhinitis and its treatment. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, 25(2), 301‒312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2005.03.002
Crossref   Google Scholar

Biechowska, D., Witkowska, M., & Jodzio, K. (2009). Neuropsychologiczna charakterystyka zaburzeń pamięci i uwagi w wybranych chorobach wewnętrznych [Neuropsychological characteristics of memory and attention disorders in selected internal diseases]. Studia Psychologiczne [Psychological Studies], 47(4), 21–35.   Google Scholar

Borak, J., Sliwiński, P., Tobiasz, M., Górecka, D., & Zieliński, J. (1996). Psychological status of COPD patients before and after one year of long–term oxygen therapy. Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, 51(1), 7–11.   Google Scholar

Brunette, A. M., Warner, K., Holm, K. E., Meschede, K., Wamboldt, F. S., Kozora, E., Moser, D. J., Make, B. J., Crapo, J. D., Moreau, K. L., Weinberger, H. D., Bowler, R., & Hoth, K. F. (2021). Daily activities: The impact of COPD and cognitive dysfunction. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 36(5), 767‒779. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa090
Crossref   Google Scholar

Brzeziński, J. (2000). Badania eksperymentalne w psychologii i pedagogice [Experimental research in psychology and pedagogy]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR.   Google Scholar

Brzeziński, J., Gaul, M., Hornowska, E., Jaworowska, A., Machowski, A., & Zakrzewska, M. (2011). Skala Inteligencji Wechslera dla Dorosłych. Wersja zrewidowana – renormalizacja WAIS-R(PL). Podręcznik [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Revised version – renormalization WAIS-R(PL). Manual]. Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych PTP.   Google Scholar

Burgess, P. W., Dumontheil, I., Gilbert, S. J., Okuda, J., Schölvinck, M. L., & Simons, J. S. (2008). On the role of rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10) in prospective memory. In M. Kliegel, M. A. McDaniel, & G. O. Einstein (Eds.), Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives (pp. 235–260). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.   Google Scholar

Chazan, R. (2005). Astma oskrzelowa [Bronchial asthma]. In R. Chazan (Ed.), Pneumonologia praktyczna [Practical pulmonology] (pp. 275–309). α–medica press.   Google Scholar

Corsonello, A., Pedone, C., & Incalzi, R. A. (2007). Clinical and prognostic implications of cognitive dysfunction and depression in COPD. Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews, 3(2), 107–115.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Crews, W. D., Jefferson, A. L., Bolduc, T., Elliott, J. B., Ferro, N. M., Broshek, D. K., Barth, J. T., & Robbins, M. K. (2001). Neuropsychological dysfunction in patients suffering from end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16(7), 643–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6177(00)00075-5
Crossref   Google Scholar

Czapiński, J. (1992). Psychologia szczęścia [The psychology of happiness]. Akademos.   Google Scholar

Da Silva Coelho, C., Zuber, S., Künzi, M., Joly-Burra, E., & Kliegel, M. (2023). The relationship between depressive symptoms, metamemory, and prospective memory in older adults. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 45(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2023.2195618
Crossref   Google Scholar

Drwal, R. Ł. (1995). Adaptacja kwestionariuszy osobowości [Adaptation of personality questionnaires]. PWN.   Google Scholar

Einstein, G. O., & McDaniel, M. A. (1990). Normal aging and prospective memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(4), 717–726.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Einstein, G. O., McDaniel, M. A., Richardson, S. L., Guynn, M. J., & Cunfer, A. R. (1995). Aging and prospective memory: Examining the influences of self-initiated retrieval processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 996–1008.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Ellis, J. A., & Freeman, J. E. (2008). Ten years of realizing delayed intentions. In M. Kliegel, M. A. McDaniel, & G. O. Einstein (Eds.), Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives (pp. 1–27). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.   Google Scholar

Fioravanti, M., Nacca, D., Amati, S., Buckley, A. E., & Bisetti, A. (1995). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and associated patterns of memory decline. Dementia, 6(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1159/000106920
Crossref   Google Scholar

Gao, Y. H., Zhao, H. S., Zhang, F. R., Gao, Y., Shen, P., Chen, R. C., & Zhang, G. J. (2015). The relationship between depression and asthma: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLOS ONE, 10(7), e0132424. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132424
Crossref   Google Scholar

Goldberg, E. (2009). The new executive brain: Frontal lobes in a complex world. Oxford University Press.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Graf, P., & Grondin, S. (2006). Time perception and time-based prospective memory. In J. Glicksohn & M. S. Myslobodsky (Eds.), Timing the future: The case for a time-based prospective memory (pp. 1–24). World Scientific Publishing Company.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Greenlund, K. J., Liu, Y., Deokar, A. J., Wheaton, A. G., & Croft, J. B. (2016). Association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with increased confusion or memory loss and functional limitations among adults in 21 states, 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Preventing Chronic Disease, 13, Article 150428. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150428
Crossref   Google Scholar

Halpin, D. M. G., Vogelmeier, C. F., & Agusti, A. (2021). COVID-19 and COPD: Lessons beyond the pandemic. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 321(5), L978–L982. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00386.2021
Crossref   Google Scholar

Hartgerink-Lutgens, I. I., Vermeeren, A. A., Vuurman, E. E., & Kremer, B. B. (2009). Disturbed cognitive functions after nasal provocation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 39(4), 500–508. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03200.x
Crossref   Google Scholar

Heaton, R. K., Grant, I., McSweeny, A. J., Adams, K. M., & Petty, T. L. (1983). Psychological effects of continuous and nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 143(10), 1941–1947.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Heffernan, T. M., Ling, J., Parrott, A. C., Buchanan, T., Scholey, A. B., & Rodgers, J. (2005). Self-rated everyday and prospective memory abilities of cigarette smokers and non-smokers: A web-based study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 78(3), 235–241.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Heffernan, T., O’Neill, T., & Moss, M. (2010). Smoking and everyday prospective memory: A comparison of self-report and objective methodologies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 112(3), 234–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.06.012
Crossref   Google Scholar

Heffernan, T., O’Neill, T., & Moss, M. (2011). Smoking-related prospective memory deficits in a real-world task. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 120(1‒3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.010
Crossref   Google Scholar

Henry, J. D., Philips, L. H., Crawford, J. R., Kliegel, M., Theodorou, G., & Summers, F. (2007). Traumatic brain injury and prospective memory: Influence of task complexity. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29(5), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390600762717
Crossref   Google Scholar

Hill, R. D., Nilsson, L.-G., Nyberg, L., & Backman, L. (2003). Cigarette smoking and cognitive performance in healthy Swedish adults. Age and Ageing, 32(5), 548–550. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afg067
Crossref   Google Scholar

Jaracz, J. (2007). Depresja i lęk w przewlekłych chorobach płuc [Depression and anxiety in chronic pulmonary diseases]. Przewodnik Lekarza [Guide for GPs], 1, 139–141.   Google Scholar

Jassem, E., Batura-Gabryel, H., Cofta, S., Doboszyńska, A., Farnik, M., Gorecka, D., Korzeniewska-Koseła, M., Kozielski, J., Krajnik, M., Krakowiak, P., Słomiński, J. M., Śliwiński, P., Wordliczek, J., Szułdrzyński, K., Królikowski, W., Zajączkowska, R., & Krzyżanowski, D. (2012). Zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Chorób Płuc dotyczące opieki paliatywnej w przewlekłych chorobach płuc [Recommendations of the Polish Respiratory Society for palliative care in chronic pulmonary diseases]. Pneumonologia i Alergologia Polska [Polish Pneumonology and Allergology], 80(1), 41–64.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Jodzio, K. (2008). Neuropsychologia intencjonalnego działania. Koncepcje funkcji wykonawczych [Neuropsychology of intentional action: Concepts of executive functions]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe SCHOLAR.   Google Scholar

Kalmijn, S., van Botel, M. P. J., Verschuren, M. W. M., Jolles, J., & Launer, L. J. (2002). Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption in relation to cognitive performance in middle age. American Journal of Epidemiology, 156(10), 936–944. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf135
Crossref   Google Scholar

Kałucka, S. (2020). Najnowsze wytyczne postępowania w przewlekłej obturacyjnej chorobie płuc na rok 2019/2020 – GOLD 2019/2020. Część II. Klasyfikacja i leczenie POChP [The latest guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for the year 2019/2020 – GOLD 2019/2020. Part II. Classification and treatment of COPD]. Geriatria [Geriatrics], 14, 76–82.   Google Scholar

Kądzielawa, D. (1990). Podręcznik do Baterii Testów Neuropsychologicznych Halsteada-Reitana [niepublikowany maszynopis]. Manual for the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery [Unpublished manuscript]. University of Warsaw, Faculty of Psychology.   Google Scholar

Kliegel, M., Ropeter, A., & Mackinlay, R. (2006). Complex prospective memory in children with ADHD. Child Neuropsychology, 12(6), 407–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040600696040
Crossref   Google Scholar

Kliegel, M., Jäger, T., Altgassen, M., & Shum, D. (2008). Clinical neuropsychology of prospective memory. In M. Kliegel, M. A. McDaniel, & G. O. Einstein (Eds.), Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives (pp. 283–308). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.   Google Scholar

Kremer, B., den Hartog, H. M., & Jolles, J. (2002). Relationship between allergic rhinitis, disturbed cognitive functions and psychological well-being. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 32(9), 1310–1315. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01483.x
Crossref   Google Scholar

Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Loring, D. W., Hannay, H. J., & Fischer, J. S. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.   Google Scholar

Marshall, P., O’Hara, C., & Steinberg, P. (2000). Effects of seasonal allergic rhinitis on selected cognitive abilities. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology: Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 84(4), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62273-9
Crossref   Google Scholar

Mejza, F. (2023). Postępowanie w przewlekłej obturacyjnej chorobie płuc – co nowego w raporcie Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 [Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – What’s new in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2023 report]. Medycyna Praktyczna [Practical Medicine], 2, 36–46.   Google Scholar

Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. D. (1996). The global burden of disease. World Health Organization, Harvard School of Public Health, World Bank.   Google Scholar

Niedźwieńska, A. (2008). Pamięć prospektywna– poznawcze podstawy realizacji zamiarów [Prospective memory – Cognitive foundations of intention realization]. In A. Niedźwieńska (Ed.), Samoregulacja w poznaniu i działaniu [Self-regulation in cognition and action] (pp. 75–101). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.   Google Scholar

Nooyens, A. C. J., van Gelder, B. M., & Verschuren, W. M. M. (2008). Smoking and cognitive decline among middle-aged men and women: The Doetinchem cohort study. The American Journal of Public Health, 98(12), 2244–2250. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2007.130294
Crossref   Google Scholar

Ozge, C., Ozge, A., & Unal, O. (2006). Cognitive and functional deterioration in patients with severe COPD. Behavioral Neurology, 17(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1155/2006/848607
Crossref   Google Scholar

Panaszek, B. (2008). Astma w wieku podeszłym [Asthma in the elderly]. Przewodnik Lekarza [Guide for GPs], 6, 71–73.   Google Scholar

Park, S. K., & Larson, J. L. (2015). Cognitive function as measured by Trail Making Test in patients with COPD. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 37(2), 236–256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945914530520
Crossref   Google Scholar

Parnowski, T., & Jernajczyk, W. (1977). Inwentarz Depresji Becka w ocenie nastroju osób zdrowych i chorych na choroby afektywne (ocena pilotażowa) [Beck Depression Inventory in the assessment of mood in healthy individuals and patients with affective disorders (pilot study)]. Psychiatria Polska [Polish Psychiatry], 11, 417–425.   Google Scholar

Philips, L. H., Henry, J. D., & Martin, M. (2008). Adult aging and prospective memory: The importance of ecological validity. In M. Kliegel, M. A. McDaniel, & G. O. Einstein (Eds.), Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives (pp. 161–185). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.   Google Scholar

Prigatano, G. P., Parsons, O., Wright, E., Levin, D. C., & Hawryluk, G. (1983). Neuropsychological test performance in mildly hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(1), 108–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.1.108
Crossref   Google Scholar

Przybylski, A. (1976). Funkcja mózgu w hipoksji [Brain function in hypoxia]. PZWL.   Google Scholar

Ranzini, L., Schiavi, M., Pierobon, A., Granata, N., & Giardini, A. (2020). From mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Implications for clinical practice and disease management: A mini-review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 337. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00337
Crossref   Google Scholar

Rönnlund, M., Vestergren, P., Mäntylä, T., & Nilsson, L. G. (2011). Predictors of self-reported prospective and retrospective memory in a population-based sample of older adults. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 172(3), 266–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2010.538450
Crossref   Google Scholar

Rymaszewska, J., & Dudek, D. (2009). Zaburzenia psychiczne w chorobach somatycznych. Praktyczne wskazówki diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne [Mental disorders in somatic diseases: Practical diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines]. Via Medica.   Google Scholar

Rzadkiewicz, M. (2008). Dysfunkcje neuropoznawcze w przebiegu wybranych przewlekłych schorzeń układu oddechowego [Neurocognitive dysfunctions in selected chronic respiratory diseases]. In K. Jodzio & W. M. Nyka (Eds.), Neuropsychologia medyczna. Wybrane zagadnienia [Medical neuropsychology: Selected issues] (pp. 67–88). Wydawnictwo Arche.   Google Scholar

Samajdar, S., Halder, S., & Mahato, A. K. (2022). Attention, memory, and executive functioning in hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Annals of Indian Psychiatry, 6(3), 233–237. https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_85_21
Crossref   Google Scholar

Simons, J. S., Schölvinck, M. L., Gilbert, S. J., Frith, C. D., & Burgess, P. W. (2006). Differential components of prospective memory? Evidence from fMRI. Neuropsychologia, 44(8), 1388–1397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.01.005
Crossref   Google Scholar

Sin, D. D., Doiron, D., Agusti, A., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Celli, B. R., Criner, G. J., Halpin, D., Han, M. K., Martinez, F. J., Montes de Oca, M., Papi, A., Pavord, I., Roche, N., Singh, D., Stockley, R., Lopez Varlera, M. V., Wedzicha, J., Vogelmeier, C., … GOLD Scientific Committee. (2023). Air pollution and COPD: GOLD 2023 committee report. The European Respiratory Journal, 61(5), Article 2202469. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02469-2022
Crossref   Google Scholar

Singh, D., Mathioudakis, A. G., & Higham, A. (2022). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID-19: Interrelationships. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 28(2), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0000000000000834
Crossref   Google Scholar

Siraj, R. A. (2023). Comorbid cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Current understanding, risk factors, implications for clinical practice, and suggested interventions. Medicina, 59(4), Article 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040732
Crossref   Google Scholar

Smith, G., Della Sala, S., Logie, R. H., & Maylor, E. A. (2000). Prospective and retrospective memory in normal ageing and dementia: A questionnaire study. Memory, 8(5), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210050117735
Crossref   Google Scholar

Spilling, C. A., Jones, P. W., Dodd, J. W., & Barrick, T. R. (2017). White matter lesions characterise brain involvement in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but cerebral atrophy does not. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 17(1), Article 92. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-017-0435-1
Crossref   Google Scholar

Strupczewska, B. (1990). Test figury złożonej Reya-Osterrietha. Podręcznik [Rey-Osterrieth composite figure test. Textbook]. Centralny Ośrodek Metodyczny Poradnictwa Wychowawczo-Zawodowego MEN.   Google Scholar

Wang, J., Li, X., Lei, S., Zhang, D., Zhang, S., Zhang, H., & Li, J. (2022). Risk of dementia or cognitive impairment in COPD patients: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, Article 962562. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.962562
Crossref   Google Scholar

Wang, M., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Ren, Q. (2023). The abnormal alternations of brain imaging in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports, 7(1), 901–919. https://doi.org/10.3233/adr-220083
Crossref   Google Scholar

Watanabe, M., Kohozuki, M., Meguro, K., Goto, Y., & Sato, T. (2001). Marked improvement of neuropsychological impairment in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after lung volume reduction surgery. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 193(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.193.67
Crossref   Google Scholar

WHO (World Health Organization). (2020). Report: The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death   Google Scholar

Wilson, B. A., Emslie, H., Foley, J., Shiel, A., Watson, P., Hawkins, K., Groot, Y., & Evans, J. J. (2005). The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test CAMPROMT. Harcourt Assessment.   Google Scholar

Wilson, E. A. H., & Park, D. (2008). Prospective memory and health behaviors: Context trumps cognition. In M. Kliegel, M. A. McDaniel, & G. O. Einstein (Eds.), Prospective memory: Cognitive, neuroscience, developmental, and applied perspectives (pp. 391–410). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.   Google Scholar

Witkowska, M. (2010). Pamięć prospektywna: Od teorii do praktyki [Prospective memory: From theory to practice]. In K. Jodzio & E. M. Szepietowska (Eds.), Neuronalne ścieżki poznania i zachowania. Rozważania interdyscyplinarne [Neuronal pathways of cognition and behavior: Interdisciplinary considerations] (pp. 29–42). Wydawnictwo UMCS.   Google Scholar

Wolska-Bułach, A., Wierzowiecka, M., Niklas, K., Tykarski, A., & Niklas, A. (2022). Od nadciśnienia do otępienia… Zaburzenia funkcji poznawczych u pacjentów w podeszłym wieku z nadciśnieniem tętniczym [From hypertension to dementia… Cognitive function disorders in elderly patients with hypertension]. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze w Praktyce [Hypertension in Practice], 8(2), 73–88.   Google Scholar

Yin, M., Wang, H., Hu, X., Li, X., Fei, G., & Yu, Y. (2019). Patterns of brain structural alteration in COPD with different levels of pulmonary function impairment and its association with cognitive deficits. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 19, Article 203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0955-y
Crossref   Google Scholar

Yohannes, A. M. (2008). Management of anxiety and depression in patients with COPD. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2(3), 337–347. https://doi.org/10.1586/17476348.2.3.337
Crossref   Google Scholar

Yohannes, A. M., Chen, W., Moga, A. M., Leroi, I., & Connolly, M. J. (2017). Cognitive impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 18(5), 451.e1–451.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.01.014
Crossref   Google Scholar

Zielazny, P. (2016). Wybrane czynniki kliniczne i psychologiczne a ocena jakości życia u chorych na przewlekłą obturacyjną chorobę płuc (POChP) [niepublikowana rozprawa doktorska] [Selected clinical and psychological factors and quality of life assessment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]]. Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny.   Google Scholar

Zielonka, T. M. (2005). Epidemiologia chorób układu oddechowego [Epidemiology of respiratory diseases]. In R. Chazan (Ed.), Pneumonologia praktyczna [Practical pulmonology] (pp. 81–107). α–medica press.   Google Scholar

Zogg, J. B., Woods, S., Sauceda, J. A., Wiebe, J. S., & Simoni, J. M. (2012). The role of prospective memory in medication adherence: A review of an emerging literature. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9341-9
Crossref   Google Scholar

Download


Published
2024-06-27

Cited by

Witkowska, M. A. (2024). Prospective Memory in People With Chronic Respiratory Diseases. The Review of Psychology, 67(1), 157–179. https://doi.org/10.31648/przegldpsychologiczny.10606

Marta Agata Witkowska 
University of Gdańsk, Institute of Psychology
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-0647