Psychologiczne interwencje internetowe o skuteczności popartej dowodami naukowymi: wyzwania, dobre praktyki i rekomendacje
Monika Kornacka
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, Emotion Cognition Labhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-9236
Anna Maj
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, StresLab: Centrum Badań nad Stresemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6780-2265
Marta Szastok
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, Emotion Cognition Labhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-7651
Stanisław Karkosz
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologiihttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-7941
Steven Barnes
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, Emotion Cognition Labhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-2178
Małgorzata Para
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, Emotion Cognition Labhttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-7178-0063
Julie Prescott
University of Law, Psychology Facultyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-2495
Magdalena Leśnierowska
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, StresLab: Centrum Badań nad Stresemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-8865
Ewelina Smoktunowicz
Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, StresLab: Centrum Badań nad Stresemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-3876
Abstract
Cel: Liczba oddziaływań psychologicznych dostarczanych za pomocą nowych technologii, takich jak aplikacje, chatboty, platformy internetowe, czyli tzw. interwencji internetowych, dynamicznie rośnie. Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia zaleca ich rozwijanie ze względu na dostępność – zarówno w kontekście wykluczenia geograficznego i ekonomicznego, jak i ograniczonej liczby psychoterapeutów oraz długiego czasu oczekiwania na usługi w obszarze zdrowia psychicznego.
Interwencje internetowe, dostarczane jako samodzielne programy lub uzupełnienie tradycyjnej pomocy psychologicznej i psychoterapii, mają skuteczność potwierdzoną licznymi metaanalizami. Jednak część rozwiązań, które pojawiają się na rynku nie jest tworzona na podstawie modeli teoretycznych, a ich efektywność pozostaje niezbadana lub zbadana w sposób niewystarczający. Niniejszy artykuł, bazując na narracyjnym przeglądzie literatury, pozycjonuje interwencje internetowe jako rozwiązania oparte na dowodach, a jednocześnie omawia najważniejsze z wyzwań stojących przed tą dziedziną badań i praktyki klinicznej.
Tezy: Najważniejsze obecnie wyzwania to: (1) trudności w klasyfikowaniu i nazywaniu interwencji internetowych; (2) konieczność dostarczania wysokiej jakości dowodów naukowych potwierdzających efektywność konkretnej interwencji, a nie tylko jej podstaw teoretycznych; (3) wzięcie pod uwagę specyficznych aspektów interwencji internetowych, takich jak współprojektowanie rozwiązań, doświadczenia użytkownika, cyfrowe przymierze terapeutyczne czy grywalizacja.
W artykule przedstawiono aktualne praktyki dotyczące interwencji, omówiono przykłady regulacji oraz potrzeby i oczekiwania użytkowników w zakresie ich bezpiecznego wyboru i użytkowania.
Konkluzja: Interwencje internetowe są praktykami opartymi na dowodach naukowych. Biorąc pod uwagę obecny stan regulacji, należy szczególnie zadbać, aby jasno komunikować, w jaki sposób skuteczność danej interwencji została zbadana w odniesieniu do standardów, co umożliwi świadomy wybór interwencji pacjentom i profesjonalistom.
Keywords:
interwencje internetowe, eZdrowie, interwencje oparte na dowodach naukowychReferences
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Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, Emotion Cognition Lab
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Uniwersytet SWPS, Instytut Psychologii, StresLab: Centrum Badań nad Stresem
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