Sense of Control and Voting Preferences: An Empirical Test of Compensatory Control Theory

Magdalena Gąsiorowska

SWPS University, Warsaw
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-9265

Ida Szatkowska

SWPS University, Warsaw
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5967-3082


Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the effect of voters’ sense of control on the perception of political candidates and the parties they represent. The theoretical framework of the analysis was Compensatory Control Theory.

Method: Based on evaluations of candidates’ leaflets presenting different leadership styles, we examined whether the level of perceived control influences the perception of political views and electoral preferences. In the experimental study, both the sense of control and the type of political message—democratic or authoritarian—were manipulated.

Results: Individuals with an enhanced sense of control rated candidates with a democratic profile significantly more positively and were more willing to support the parties they represent. In contrast, voters with a diminished sense of agency showed a greater tendency to choose authoritarian leaders who offer structure and strength, with this preference serving as a form of compensation for the loss of personal control.

Conclusions: The observed interaction effects confirm that an individual’s current psychological state shapes the interpretation of political messages, influencing declared preferences and willingness to vote.


Keywords:

sense of control, political views, compensatory control theory, leadership style, electoral preferences


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Published
2026-06-08

Cited by

Gąsiorowska, M., & Szatkowska, I. (2026). Sense of Control and Voting Preferences: An Empirical Test of Compensatory Control Theory. The Review of Psychology, 69(1), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.31648/przegldpsychologiczny.13029

Magdalena Gąsiorowska 
SWPS University, Warsaw
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-9265
Ida Szatkowska 
SWPS University, Warsaw
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5967-3082