The dynamics of change of cognitive functioning in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection – proposal of a remote neuropsychological assessment in a longitudinal study
Ewa Malinowska
Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Psychologiihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-1401
Dominika Żarnecka
Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Psychologiihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4026-3900
Emilia Łojek
Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Psychologiihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-5601
Zespół Badawczy NeuroCovid Wydziału Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Abstract
Cel: Celem przeprowadzonego badania podłużnego była ocena funkcjonowania poznawczego osób, które chorowały na COVID-19, określenie dynamiki zmian obserwowanych w tym zakresie na przestrzeni 3‒4 miesięcy, porównanie wyników pacjentów z wynikami grupy kontrolnej oraz weryfikacja przydatności nowej metody zdalnej oceny neuropsychologicznej.
Metoda: Przeprowadzono badanie podłużne z wykorzystaniem narzędzia do telefonicznej oceny neuropsychologicznej Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT), które na potrzeby badania przetłumaczono na język polski. Badanie objęło osoby po infekcji SARS-CoV-2 (grupa COVID(+) oraz osoby z grupy kontrolnej (COVID(‒). Obie grupy zostały przebadane dwukrotnie, w odstępie 3‒4 miesięcy. Badanie prowadzono od lipca 2020 do stycznia 2022 roku.
Wyniki: Przeprowadzono porównania danych z wykorzystaniem analizy wariancji dla pomiarów powtarzanych w schemacie mieszanym. W porównaniu z grupą COVID(‒) grupa COVID(+) uzyskała istotnie niższe wyniki w pierwszym i w drugim pomiarze Testu powtarzania liczb wspak oraz w pierwszym pomiarze w Teście ciągu liczb. Dodatkowo zaobserwowano poprawę w wynikach uzyskiwanych przez grupę COVID(+) w drugim pomiarze w porównaniu z pierwszym pomiarem w: Teście 15 słów Reya, zarówno w warunku natychmiastowego, jak i odroczonego odtworzenia; Teście powtarzania liczb wspak, Teście ciągu liczb oraz w Teście liczenia wspak.
Konkluzja: Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na obniżenie funkcji pamięci roboczej oraz wnioskowania indukcyjnego u osób z grupy COVID(+) w porównaniu z grupą COVID(‒). Dodatkowo przeprowadzone badanie wskazuje na przydatność BTACT w śledzeniu zmiany poziomu funkcjonowania poznawczego w czasie u osób po infekcji SARS-CoV-2. Szczególnie pomocne w monitorowaniu wspomnianych zmian wydają się testy służące ocenie pamięci operacyjnej (Test 15 słów Reya, Test powtarzania liczb wspak) oraz test wnioskowania indukcyjnego (Test ciągu liczb).
Keywords:
COVID-19, long-COVID, funkcje poznawcze, ocena neuropsychologiczna, zdalne metody testoweReferences
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