https://doi.org/10.31648/hip.482
Presented article will focus on description of heresy, considered as a cultural phenomenon embedded in European tradition of thought and philosophy since antiquity. Heresy will be understood as a culture shaping element, expressing critical thought; an attempt at consideration against general tendencies. Being simultaneously an objection, it becomes a manifest of independence of philosophy itself, allowing for development of own doctrines and assumptions. The article will also refer to opposition against heresy, highlighting following problem: why was heresy understood as an indication of hostility; as something negative in moral but also cognitive terms. Looking at selected events from lives of heretics I will try to present heresy as a skeptical way of thinking, developing not only philosophical consideration but also the culture itself, giving it a counterpoint necessary for progress.
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