Wzmacnianie inkluzywności w procesie tworzenia odpowiedzialnych innowacji poprzez poważne gry
Weronika Zuzanna Szatkowska
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawiehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-0947
Abstrakt
W artykule przedstawiono teoretyczne rozważania nad wykorzystaniem poważnych gier (ang. serious games) w celu wzmocnienia inkluzywności w procesie tworzenia tak zwanych odpowiedzialnych innowacji. Dokonano przeglądu literatury z zakresu wpływu poważnych gier na inkluzywność, łącznie z jego możliwymi implikacjami. Przybliżono koncepcję poważnych gier, uwzględniając ich cele, główne elementy, a także wymiar edukacyjny. Inkluzywność ukazano w różnych kontekstach, biorąc pod uwagę jej początki, a także związek z poważnymi grami. Koncepcję tworzenia odpowiedzialnych innowacji wyjaśniono z perspektywy edukacyjnej, zwracając uwagę na zagadnienie inkluzywności. Następnie, na podstawie analizy aktualnych zasobów bazy danych JSTOR (Journal Storage database), przedstawiono systematyczny przegląd opracowań na temat gier zakładających odpowiedzialność uczestników, wykorzystywanych w procesie tworzenia
innowacji. Uzupełniono go wybranymi przykładami gier wzmacniających inkluzywność. Podsumowano wyniki przeglądu i porównano je z teoretycznymi założeniami. Na koniec odniesiono się do tematu zastosowania poważnych gier jako obiecującej metody poprawienia poziomu inkluzywności w procesie tworzenia odpowiedzialnych innowacji. W wyniku zaprezentowanego badania wykazano, że inkluzywność jest zarówno celem poważnych gier tworzonych z myślą z kreowaniu innowacji, jak i środkiem do osiągnięcia innego
celu, związanego z odpowiedzialnością. Zauważono także, że z punktu widzenia twórców odpowiedzialnych innowacji szczególnie interesującymi obszarami są opracowania
poświęcone problematyce urbanistycznej i środowiskowej oraz artykuły na temat nauk
przyrodniczych, technologii, inżynierii czy matematyki.
Słowa kluczowe:
poważne gry, inkluzja, inkluzywność, odpowiedzialne innowacje, gamifikacjaBibliografia
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Garris, Rosemary; Ahlers, Robert; and Driskell, James E. 2002. Games, Motivation, and Learning: A Research and Practice Model. Simulation and Gaming, 33 (4), pp. 441‒467.
Geurts, Jac; Duke, Richard; and Vermeulen, Patrick. 2007. Policy Gaming for Strategy and Change. Long Range Planning, 40 (6), pp. 535‒558.
Girard, C.; Ecalle, Jean; and Magnan, Annie. 2013. Serious Games as New Educational Tools: How Effective Are They? A Meta-Analysis of Recent Studies. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29 (3), pp. 207‒219.
Gugerell, Katharina; and Zuidema, Christian. 2017. Gaming for the Energy Transition. Experimenting and Learning in Co-Designing a Serious Game Prototype. Journal of Cleaner Production, 169, pp. 105‒116.
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Jean, Steven; Medema, Wietske; Adamowski, Jan F.; Chew, Cheng Zi; Delaney, Patrick; and Wals, Arjen. 2018. Serious Games as a Catalyst for Boundary Crossing, Collaboration and Knowledge Co-Creation in a Watershed Governance Context. Journal of Environmental Management, 223, pp. 1010‒1022.
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Lalicic, Lidija; and Weber-Sabil, Jessika. 2019. Stakeholder Engagement in Sustainable Tourism Planning through Serious Gaming. Tourism Geographies, 23 (3), pp. 1‒21.
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Macnaghten, Phil; Owen, Richard; Stilgoe, Jack; Wynne, Brian; Azevedo, Adalberto; De Campo, André L.; Chilvers, Jason; Dagnino, Renato; et al. 2014. Responsible Innovation across Borders: Tensions, Paradoxes and Possibilities. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 1 (2), pp. 191–199.
Marsh, Tim. 2011. Serious Games Continuum: Between Games for Purpose and Experiential Environments for Purpose. Entertainment Computing, 2 (2), pp. 61–68.
Mayer, Igor; Bekebrede, Geertje; Harteveld, Casper; Warmelink, Harald; Zhou, Qigi; van Ruijven, Theo; Lo, Julia; Kortmann, Rens; and Wenzler, Ivo. 2014. The Research and Evaluation of Serious Games: Toward a Comprehensive Methodology. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45 (3), pp. 502–527.
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Business Simulation Game for Teaching Multi-Echelon Supply Chain Management. International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling, 5 (4), pp. 289‒299.
Mochizuki, Junko. 2016. Review of Serious Gaming Applications in Humanitarian Operations and Disaster Risk Management: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions for Research. In: 7th International Conference on Integrated Disaster Risk Management Disasters and Development: Towards a Risk Aware Society, October 1‒3, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran, pp. 169‒170.
Mochizuki, Junko; Magnuszewski, Piotr; and Linnerooth-Bayer, Joanne. 2018. Games for Aiding Stakeholder Deliberation on Nexus Policy Issues. In: Hülsmann, Stephan; and Ardakanian, Reza (eds.). Managing Water, Soil and Waste Resources to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals: Monitoring and Implementation of Integrated Resources Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 93‒124.
Newbery, Robert; Lean, Jonathan; and Moizer, Jonathan. 2016. Evaluating the Impact of Serious Games: The Effect of Gaming on Entrepreneurial Intent. Information Technology and People, 29 (4), pp. 733‒749.
Owen, Richard; Macnaghten, Phil; and Stilgoe, Jack. 2012. Responsible Research and Innovation: From Science in Society to Science for Society, with Society. Science and Public Policy, 39 (6), pp. 751–760.
Owen, Richard; and Pansera, Mario. 2019. Responsible Innovation and Responsible Research and Innovation. In: Simon, Dagmar; Kuhlmann, Stefan; Stamm, Julia; and Canzler, Weert (eds.). Handbook on Science and Public Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 26‒48.
Owen, Richard; Stilgoe, Jack; Macnaghten, Phil; Gorman, Mike; Fisher, Erik; Guston, Dave; and Bessant, John. 2013. A Framework for Responsible Innovation. In: Owen, Richard; Bessant, John; and Heintz, Maggy (eds.). Responsible Innovation: Managing the Responsible Emergence of Science and Innovation in Society. London: John Wiley, pp. 27–50.
Pansera, Mario; and Owen, Richard. 2018. Framing Inclusive Innovation within the Discourse of Development: Insights from Case Studies in India. Research Policy, 47 (1), pp. 23‒34.
Perrotta, Carlo; Featherstone, Gill; Aston, Helen; and Houghton, Emily. 2013. Game-Based Learning: Latest Evidence and Future Directions. Slough: National Foundation for Educational Research.
Peters, Vincent; Vissers, Geert; and Heyne, Gerton. 1998. The Validity of Games. Simulation and Gaming, 29 (1), pp. 1‒9.
Proyer, Michelle; Schmölz, Alexander; Kremsner, Gertraud; Karpouzis, Kostas; Yannakakis, Georgios; Handle-Pfeiffer, Daniel; Möhlen, Lisa-Katharina; and Koulouris, Pavlos. 2017.
Doing Social Inclusion: Aiming to Conquer Crisis through Game-Based Dialogues and Games. In: Pivec, Maja; and Gründler, Josef (eds.). Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Game-Based Learning. Reading, UK: Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited, pp. 554–561.
Redpath, Steve M.; Keane, Aidan; Andrén, Henrik; Baynham-Herd, Zac; Bunnefeld, Nils; Duthie, Alexander B.; Frank, Jens; Garcia, Claude A.; Månsson, Johan; Nilsson, Lovisa; Pollard, Chris;
Rakotonarivo, O. Sarobidy; Salk, Carl; and Travers, Henry. 2018. Games as Tools to Address Conservation Conflicts. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 33 (6), pp. 415‒426.
Ritterfeld, Ute; Cody, Michael; and Vorderer, Peter (eds.). 2009. Serious Games: Mechanisms and Effects. New York: Routledge.
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Weronika Zuzanna Szatkowska
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-0947
Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-0947
