Validity of the Working Alliance Inventory (patient version) in adult systemic psychotherapy

Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 16(3), 252–260.   Google Scholar

Bordin, E. S. (1994). Theory and research on the therapeutic working alliance: New directions. W: A. O. Horvath, L. S. Greenberg (red.), The working alliance: Theory, research, and practice (13–37). Wiley.   Google Scholar

Capaldi, S., Asnaani, A., Zandberg, L. J., Carpenter, J. K., & Foa, E. B. (2016). Therapeutic alliance during prolonged exposure versus client-centered therapy for adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of clinical psychology, 72(10), 1026–1036. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22303.   Google Scholar

Cierpiałkowska, L., Kubiak, J. (2010). Niespecyficzne czynniki leczące a efektywność terapii alkoholików [Non-specific therapeutic factors vs. the effectiveness of alcoholism treatment]. Nauka [Science], 2, 89–111.   Google Scholar

Cirasola, A., Midgley, N., Fonagy, P., Impact Consortium & Martin, P. (2021) The factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory short-form in youth psychotherapy: an empirical investigation, Psychotherapy Research, 31, 535–547. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1765041.   Google Scholar

Connors, G. J., Carroll, K. M., DiClemente, C. C., Longabaugh, R., & Donovan, D. M. (1997). The therapeutic alliance and its relationship to alcoholism treatment participation and outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 588–598.   Google Scholar

Crits-Christoph, P., Gallop, R., Gaines, A., Rieger, A., & Connolly Gibbons, M. B. (2020). Instrumental variable analyses for causal inference: Application to multilevel analyses of the alliance–outcome relation. Psychotherapy Research, 30, 53–67. DOI: https://   Google Scholar

doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2018.1544724.   Google Scholar

Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (2005). Trafność teoretyczna testów psychologicznych [Construct validity in psychological tests]. W: J. Brzeziński (ed.), Trafność i rzetelność testów psychologicznych. Wybór tekstów [Validity and reliability of psychological   Google Scholar

tests. Selection of texts] (p. 177–212). GWP.   Google Scholar

DiGiuseppe, R., Linscott, J., & Jilton, R. (1996). Developing the therapeutic alliance in child — adolescent psychotherapy. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 5(2), 85–100.   Google Scholar

Figueiredo, B., Dias, P., Lima, V. S., & Lamela, D. (2016). Working alliance Inventory for Children and adolescents (WAI-CA). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35, 22–28. DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000364.   Google Scholar

Fitzpatrick, M. R., Iwakabe, S., & Stalikas, A. (2005). Perspective divergence in the working alliance. Psychotherapy Research, 15(1–2), 69–80. DOI: 10.1080/10503300512331327056.   Google Scholar

Flückiger, C., Del, A. C., Wampold, B. E., & Horvath, A. O. (2018). The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A Meta-analytic Synthesis. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 316–340. DOI: 10.1037/pst0000172.   Google Scholar

Folmo, E. J., Stänicke, E., Johansen, M. S., Pedersen, G., & Kvarstein, E. H. (2020). Development of therapeutic alliance in mentalization-based treatment — Goals, Bonds, and Tasks in a specialized treatment for borderline personality disorder. Psychotherapy   Google Scholar

Research, 1–15. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1831097.   Google Scholar

Forchuk, C. (1995). Uniqueness within the nurse-client relationship. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 9(1), 34–39.   Google Scholar

Fronczyk, K. (2009). Psychometria. Podstawowe zagadnienia [Psychometry. Basic issues]. Vizja Press & IT.   Google Scholar

Guedeney, N., Fermanian, J., Curt, F., & Bifulco, A. (2005). Testing the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) in a French primary care setting. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40, 844–852. DOI: 10.1007/s00127-005-0972-4.   Google Scholar

Hanson, W. E., Curry, K. T., & Bandalos, D. L. (2002). Reliability generalization of working alliance inventory scale scores. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(4), 659–673. DOI: 10.1177/0013164402062004008.   Google Scholar

Hatcher, R. L., Lindqvist, K., Falkenström, F. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of the Working Alliance Inventory-Therapist version: Current and new short forms. Psychotherapy Research, 30(6), 706–717. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2019.1677964.   Google Scholar

Horvath, A. O. (1994). Empirical validation of Bordin’s pantheoretical model of alliance: the Working Alliance Inventory perspective. W: A. O. Horvath, L. S. Greenberg (ed.), The working alliance. Theory, research, and practice (109–128). Wiley & Sons.   Google Scholar

Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2(36), 223–233.   Google Scholar

Horvath, A.O. (2018). Research on the alliance: Knowledge in search of a theory. Psychotherapy Research, 28(4), 499–516. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1373204.   Google Scholar

Hukkelberg, S. S., & Ogden, T. (2016). The short Working Alliance Inventory in parent training: Factor structure and longitudinal invariance. Psychotherapy Research, 26(6), 719–726. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1119328.   Google Scholar

Karver, M. S., De Nadai, A. S., Monahan, M., & Shirk, S. R. (2018). Meta-analysis of the prospective relation between alliance and outcome in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 341–355. DOI: 10.1037/pst0000176.   Google Scholar

Mallinckrodt, B., & Nelson, M. L. (1991). Clients’ representations of childhood emotional bonds with parents, social support, and formation of the working alliance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(4), 401–409.   Google Scholar

Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, K. M. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 438–450.   Google Scholar

McLeod, B. D. (2011). Relation of the alliance with outcomes in youth psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(4), 603–616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.02.001.   Google Scholar

Miragall, M., Baños, R. M., Cebolla, A., & Botella, C. (2015). Working alliance inventory applied to virtual and augmented reality (WAI-VAR): psychometrics and therapeutic outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1531–1541. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01531.   Google Scholar

Prusiński, T. (2020). Szacowanie przymierza terapeuty i pacjenta w procesie indywidualnej psychoterapii. Adaptacja i właściwości psychometryczne Skali Przymierza w Działaniu (WAI) [Evaluating the therapist-patient alliance in individual psychotherapy.   Google Scholar

Adaptation and psychometric properties of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI)]. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne [Polish Psychological Forum], 3(25), 353–376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14656/PFP20200306.   Google Scholar

Prusiński, T. (2021). Patients’ and Psychotherapists’ Combined and Separate Evaluations of the Psychotherapeutic Relationship: The Structure of Working Alliance and Polish Versions of the WAI. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 51, 323–329. DOI: 10.1007/s10879-021-09500-z.   Google Scholar

Satterfield, W. A., & Lyddon, W. J. (1995). Client attachment and perceptions of the working alliance with counselor trainees. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 187–189.   Google Scholar

Shirk, S. R., Karver, M. S., & Brown, R. (2011). The alliance in Child and adolescent psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48(1), 17–24. DOI: 10.1037/a0022181.   Google Scholar

Tracey, T. J., Kokotovic, A. M. (1989). Factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1, 207–210.   Google Scholar