Psychologiczne korelaty postaw wobec szczepionek na COVID-19 wśród polskich respondentów – migawkowe badanie przed rozpoczęciem masowej kampanii szczepień
Łukasz Jach
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachhttps://orcid/org/0000-0002-8215-0795
Łukasz Lamża
Uniwersytet Jagiellońskihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-9337
Paulina Wardawy
Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9135-9809
Abstract
Cel
Szczepionki na COVID-19 są uznawane za sposób na zatrzymanie trwającej pandemii. Jednak skuteczność tej metody wymaga wysokiego poziomu aprobaty społecznej. Celem niniejszego badania było zmierzenie psychologicznych aspektów postaw wobec szczepień przeciwko COVID-19 w czasie, gdy szczepionka została już opracowana, ale nie była jeszcze rozpowszechniana wśród polskich obywateli.
Metoda
Na próbie 468 polskich uczestników zostało przeprowadzone badanie on-line. Wykorzystano w nim kwestionariusze do pomiaru poziomu postaw wobec szczepionki na COVID-19, strachu przed chorobą COVID-19, ogólnych tendencji do myślenia spiskowego, przekonań spiskowych na temat COVID-19, wiedzy o szczepionkach, postaw wobec nauki, wcześniejszych zachowań prewencyjnych w trakcie pandemii, spostrzeganego poziomu podatności na choroby oraz unikania zarazków. Zbadano również związki postaw wobec szczepionki na COVID-19 z doświadczeniami związanymi z pandemią COVID-19, płcią, wiekiem i poziomem wykształcenia uczestników.
Rezultaty
Analizy ujawniły związki postaw wobec szczepionki na COVID-19 z większością badanych zmiennych. Model regresji z predyktorami takimi jak strach przed COVID-19, postawy wobec nauki i przekonania spiskowe związane z COVID-19 wyjaśniał 46% wariancji postaw wobec szczepionki na COVID-19. Mężczyźni byli bardziej pozytywnie nastawieni do szczepionki na COVID-19 niż kobiety. Postawy wobec szczepionki na COVID-19 nie były związane z osobistymi doświadczeniami uczestników w trakcie pandemii, ich wiekiem ani poziomem wykształcenia.
Wnioski
Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na znaczenie aspektów psychologicznych dotyczących postaw wobec szczepień, które będzie można uwzględniać w projektowaniu przyszłych interwencji profilaktycznych o szerokim zasięgu społecznym.
Keywords:
pandemia COVID-19, postawy wobec nauki, postawy wobec szczepień na COVID-19, przekonania spiskowe, psychologiczne konteksty postaw wobec pandemii COVID-19References
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