The Problem of Meaning and Communication in Linguistics and the Roots of its Misunderstanding
Александр Кравченко
Байкальский государственный университет экономики и праваAbstract
Arguments are given for a necessity to abandon the code model and “container” metaphor in the study of linguistic meaning and communication; as they do not take into account the true nature of meaning and communication, these methodological premises of conventional linguistics are empirically inadequate and impede its further development.
Keywords:
written language bias, code model, “Container” metaphor, orientational effect, reci- procal causalityReferences
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Гунаев З.С. (1977). О выражении пространственных отношений в некоторых дагестанских языках. Вопросы языкознания 6, с. 126-129.
Звегинцев В.А. (1996). Мысли о лингвистике. Москва, Издательство Московсково университета.
Златев И. (2006). Значение = жизнь (+ культура): Набросок единой биокультурной теории значения. В: А.В. Кравченко (ред.). Язык и познание. Studia linguistica cognitiva. Москва, Гнозис, с. 308-361.
Кравченко А.В. (2003). Что такое коммуникация? В: В.В. Дементьев (ред.). Прямая и непрямая коммуникация. Саратов, Колледж, с. 27-39.
Кравченко А.В. (2006). Методологический порок ортодоксального языкознания. В: М.В. Пименова (ред.). Новое в когнитивной лингвистике. Кемерово, с. 41-47.
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Красных В.В. (2003). „Свой" среди „чужих": миф или реальность? Москва, Гнозис.
Лав Н. (2006). Когниция и языковой миф. В: А.В. Кравченко (ред.). Язык и познание: Методологические проблемы и перспективы. Studia linguistka wgnitwa 1. Москва, Гнозис, с. 105-134.
Рудяков А.Н. (2004). Язык, или почему люди говорят. Киев, Грамота.
Шерер В.Э. (1979). О выражении пространственных отношений в кетском языке. Вопросы языкознания 5, с. 103-108.
Aitchison, J. (1987). Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. Oxford/UK, Cambridge/USA, Blackwell.
Clark, H.H. (1996). Using Language. Cambridge University Press.
Fauconnier, G. (1999). Methods and Generalizations. In: T. Janssen, G. Redeker (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 95-127.
Finnegan, R. (2002). Communicating: The Multiple Modes of Human Interconnection. London, Routledge.
Gauker, C. (2003). Words without Meaning. Cambridge/MA, The MIT Press.
Kravchenko, A.V. (2007). Whence the Autonomy? A Reply to Harnad and Dror. Pragmatics & Cog- nition 15(3), 587-597.
Kress, G. (1997). Before Writing: Rethinking the Paths to Literacy. London, Routledge.
Lawrence, H. (1972). Viewpoint and Location in Oksapmin. Anthropological Linguistics 14(8), 311-316.
Locke, J. (1961). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. London, Dent.
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Vol. 1. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Malinowski, B. (1927). The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages. In: C.K. Ogden, I.A. Ri- chards. The Meaning of „Meaning”. 2nd revised edition. New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company, 296-336.
Maturana, H. (1978). Biology of Language: The Epistemology of Reality. In: G. Miller, E. Lenne- berg (eds.). Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought. New York, Academic Press, 28-62.
Maturana, H. (1983). On the Misuse of the Notion of Information in Biology. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 6, 155-158.
Millikan, R.G. (2005). Language: A biological Model. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Oleksy, M. (2002). Cognition, Language, and Praxis: Is Cognitive Linguistics on the Verge of the Practical Turn? In: B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, K. Turewicz (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics Today. Frankfurt a.Main, Peter Lang, 55-64.
Oim, H. (1977). Towards a Theory of Linguistic Pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics 1(3), 251-267.
Pateman, T. (1987). Language in Mind and Language in Society: Studies in Linguistic Reproduc- tion. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Pinker, S. (1999). Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. Basic Books.
Reddy, M. (1979). The Conduit Metaphor. In: A. Ortony (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 284-324.
Ross, D., Spurrett, D. (2004). What to Say to a Sceptical Metaphysician: A Defence Manual for Cognitive and Behavioural Scientists. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, 603-647.
Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to Discourse. Oxford etc., Blackwell.
Sinha, C. (1999). Grounding, Mapping, and Acts of Meaning. In: T.Janssen, G. Redeker (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 223-255.
Sperber, D. (1995). How do We Communicate? In: J. Brockman, K. Matson (eds.). How Things Are: A Science Toolkit for the Mind. New York, Morrow, 191-199.
Tomasello, M. (2005). Beyond Formalities: The Case of Language Acquisition. The Linguistic Review 22, 183-197.
Verhagen, A. (2005). Construction of Intersubjectivity: Discourse, Syntax, and Cognition. Oxford University Press.
Wilson, D. (1994). In: G. Brown, K. Malmkjaer, A. Pollitt, J.Williams (eds.). Language and Understanding. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 35-58.
Wilson, D. (1998). Linguistic Structure and Inferential Communication. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Linguists, July 1997. Oxford, Elsevier.
Wierzbicka, A. (1996). Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press.
Glasersfeld, E. von (2001). Constructing Communication. Available [online] <http://www.uni- vie.ac.at/constructivism/~/glasersfeld01-interview.html>, retrieved on 13th January 2010.
Grice, H.P. (1989). Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge/MA, Harvard University Press.
Harris, R. (1981). The Language Myth. London, Duckworth.
Henry, D., Henry, K. (1969). Koyukon Locationals. Anthropological Linguistics 11(4), 136-142.
Hutton, C. (1993). Analysis and Notation: The Case for a Non-realist Linguistics. In: R. Harre, R. Harris (eds.). Linguistics and Philosophy: The Controversial Interface. Pergamon Press, 241-251.
Kravchenko, A.V. (2007). Whence the Autonomy? A Reply to Harnad and Dror. Pragmatics & Cog- nition 15(3), 587-597.
Kress, G. (1997). Before Writing: Rethinking the Paths to Literacy. London, Routledge.
Lawrence, H. (1972). Viewpoint and Location in Oksapmin. Anthropological Linguistics 14(8), 311-316.
Locke, J. (1961). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. London, Dent.
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Vol. 1. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Malinowski, B. (1927). The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages. In: C.K. Ogden, I.A. Ri- chards. The Meaning of „Meaning”. 2nd revised edition. New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company, 296-336.
Maturana, H. (1978). Biology of Language: The Epistemology of Reality. In: G. Miller, E. Lenne- berg (eds.). Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought. New York, Academic Press, 28-62.
Maturana, H. (1983). On the Misuse of the Notion of Information in Biology. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 6, 155-158.
Millikan, R.G. (2005). Language: A biological Model. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Oleksy, M. (2002). Cognition, Language, and Praxis: Is Cognitive Linguistics on the Verge of the Practical Turn? In: B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, K. Turewicz (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics Today. Frankfurt a.Main, Peter Lang, 55-64.
Oim, H. (1977). Towards a Theory of Linguistic Pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics 1(3), 251-267.
Pateman, T. (1987). Language in Mind and Language in Society: Studies in Linguistic Reproduc- tion. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Pinker, S. (1999). Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. Basic Books.
Reddy, M. (1979). The Conduit Metaphor. In: A. Ortony (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 284-324.
Ross, D., Spurrett, D. (2004). What to Say to a Sceptical Metaphysician: A Defence Manual for Cognitive and Behavioural Scientists. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, 603-647.
Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to Discourse. Oxford etc., Blackwell.
Sinha, C. (1999). Grounding, Mapping, and Acts of Meaning. In: T.Janssen, G. Redeker (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 223-255.
Sperber, D. (1995). How do We Communicate? In: J. Brockman, K. Matson (eds.). How Things Are: A Science Toolkit for the Mind. New York, Morrow, 191-199.
Tomasello, M. (2005). Beyond Formalities: The Case of Language Acquisition. The Linguistic Review 22, 183-197.
Verhagen, A. (2005). Construction of Intersubjectivity: Discourse, Syntax, and Cognition. Oxford University Press.
Wilson, D. (1994). In: G. Brown, K. Malmkjaer, A. Pollitt, J.Williams (eds.). Language and Understanding. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 35-58.
Wilson, D. (1998). Linguistic Structure and Inferential Communication. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Linguists, July 1997. Oxford, Elsevier.
Wierzbicka, A. (1996). Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press.
Гунаев З.С. (1977). О выражении пространственных отношений в некоторых дагестанских языках. Вопросы языкознания 6, с. 126-129.
Звегинцев В.А. (1996). Мысли о лингвистике. Москва, Издательство Московсково университета.
Златев И. (2006). Значение = жизнь (+ культура): Набросок единой биокультурной теории значения. В: А.В. Кравченко (ред.). Язык и познание. Studia linguistica cognitiva. Москва, Гнозис, с. 308-361.
Кравченко А.В. (2003). Что такое коммуникация? В: В.В. Дементьев (ред.). Прямая и непрямая коммуникация. Саратов, Колледж, с. 27-39.
Кравченко А.В. (2006). Методологический порок ортодоксального языкознания. В: М.В. Пименова (ред.). Новое в когнитивной лингвистике. Кемерово, с. 41-47.
Кравченко А.В. (2009). О традициях, языкознании и когнитивном подходе. В: Горизонты современной лингвистики: Традиции и новаторство. Москва, Языки славянских культур, с. 51-65.
Красных В.В. (2003). „Свой" среди „чужих": миф или реальность? Москва, Гнозис.
Лав Н. (2006). Когниция и языковой миф. В: А.В. Кравченко (ред.). Язык и познание: Методологические проблемы и перспективы. Studia linguistka wgnitwa 1. Москва, Гнозис, с. 105-134.
Рудяков А.Н. (2004). Язык, или почему люди говорят. Киев, Грамота.
Шерер В.Э. (1979). О выражении пространственных отношений в кетском языке. Вопросы языкознания 5, с. 103-108.
Aitchison, J. (1987). Words in the Mind: An Introduction to the Mental Lexicon. Oxford/UK, Cambridge/USA, Blackwell.
Clark, H.H. (1996). Using Language. Cambridge University Press.
Fauconnier, G. (1999). Methods and Generalizations. In: T. Janssen, G. Redeker (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 95-127.
Finnegan, R. (2002). Communicating: The Multiple Modes of Human Interconnection. London, Routledge.
Gauker, C. (2003). Words without Meaning. Cambridge/MA, The MIT Press.
Kravchenko, A.V. (2007). Whence the Autonomy? A Reply to Harnad and Dror. Pragmatics & Cog- nition 15(3), 587-597.
Kress, G. (1997). Before Writing: Rethinking the Paths to Literacy. London, Routledge.
Lawrence, H. (1972). Viewpoint and Location in Oksapmin. Anthropological Linguistics 14(8), 311-316.
Locke, J. (1961). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. London, Dent.
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Vol. 1. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Malinowski, B. (1927). The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages. In: C.K. Ogden, I.A. Ri- chards. The Meaning of „Meaning”. 2nd revised edition. New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company, 296-336.
Maturana, H. (1978). Biology of Language: The Epistemology of Reality. In: G. Miller, E. Lenne- berg (eds.). Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought. New York, Academic Press, 28-62.
Maturana, H. (1983). On the Misuse of the Notion of Information in Biology. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 6, 155-158.
Millikan, R.G. (2005). Language: A biological Model. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Oleksy, M. (2002). Cognition, Language, and Praxis: Is Cognitive Linguistics on the Verge of the Practical Turn? In: B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, K. Turewicz (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics Today. Frankfurt a.Main, Peter Lang, 55-64.
Oim, H. (1977). Towards a Theory of Linguistic Pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics 1(3), 251-267.
Pateman, T. (1987). Language in Mind and Language in Society: Studies in Linguistic Reproduc- tion. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Pinker, S. (1999). Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. Basic Books.
Reddy, M. (1979). The Conduit Metaphor. In: A. Ortony (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 284-324.
Ross, D., Spurrett, D. (2004). What to Say to a Sceptical Metaphysician: A Defence Manual for Cognitive and Behavioural Scientists. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, 603-647.
Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to Discourse. Oxford etc., Blackwell.
Sinha, C. (1999). Grounding, Mapping, and Acts of Meaning. In: T.Janssen, G. Redeker (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 223-255.
Sperber, D. (1995). How do We Communicate? In: J. Brockman, K. Matson (eds.). How Things Are: A Science Toolkit for the Mind. New York, Morrow, 191-199.
Tomasello, M. (2005). Beyond Formalities: The Case of Language Acquisition. The Linguistic Review 22, 183-197.
Verhagen, A. (2005). Construction of Intersubjectivity: Discourse, Syntax, and Cognition. Oxford University Press.
Wilson, D. (1994). In: G. Brown, K. Malmkjaer, A. Pollitt, J.Williams (eds.). Language and Understanding. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 35-58.
Wilson, D. (1998). Linguistic Structure and Inferential Communication. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Linguists, July 1997. Oxford, Elsevier.
Wierzbicka, A. (1996). Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press.
Glasersfeld, E. von (2001). Constructing Communication. Available [online] <http://www.uni- vie.ac.at/constructivism/~/glasersfeld01-interview.html>, retrieved on 13th January 2010.
Grice, H.P. (1989). Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge/MA, Harvard University Press.
Harris, R. (1981). The Language Myth. London, Duckworth.
Henry, D., Henry, K. (1969). Koyukon Locationals. Anthropological Linguistics 11(4), 136-142.
Hutton, C. (1993). Analysis and Notation: The Case for a Non-realist Linguistics. In: R. Harre, R. Harris (eds.). Linguistics and Philosophy: The Controversial Interface. Pergamon Press, 241-251.
Kravchenko, A.V. (2007). Whence the Autonomy? A Reply to Harnad and Dror. Pragmatics & Cog- nition 15(3), 587-597.
Kress, G. (1997). Before Writing: Rethinking the Paths to Literacy. London, Routledge.
Lawrence, H. (1972). Viewpoint and Location in Oksapmin. Anthropological Linguistics 14(8), 311-316.
Locke, J. (1961). An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. London, Dent.
Lyons, J. (1977). Semantics. Vol. 1. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Malinowski, B. (1927). The Problem of Meaning in Primitive Languages. In: C.K. Ogden, I.A. Ri- chards. The Meaning of „Meaning”. 2nd revised edition. New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company, 296-336.
Maturana, H. (1978). Biology of Language: The Epistemology of Reality. In: G. Miller, E. Lenne- berg (eds.). Psychology and Biology of Language and Thought. New York, Academic Press, 28-62.
Maturana, H. (1983). On the Misuse of the Notion of Information in Biology. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 6, 155-158.
Millikan, R.G. (2005). Language: A biological Model. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Oleksy, M. (2002). Cognition, Language, and Praxis: Is Cognitive Linguistics on the Verge of the Practical Turn? In: B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, K. Turewicz (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics Today. Frankfurt a.Main, Peter Lang, 55-64.
Oim, H. (1977). Towards a Theory of Linguistic Pragmatics. Journal of Pragmatics 1(3), 251-267.
Pateman, T. (1987). Language in Mind and Language in Society: Studies in Linguistic Reproduc- tion. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Pinker, S. (1999). Words and Rules: The Ingredients of Language. Basic Books.
Reddy, M. (1979). The Conduit Metaphor. In: A. Ortony (ed.). Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 284-324.
Ross, D., Spurrett, D. (2004). What to Say to a Sceptical Metaphysician: A Defence Manual for Cognitive and Behavioural Scientists. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, 603-647.
Schiffrin, D. (1994). Approaches to Discourse. Oxford etc., Blackwell.
Sinha, C. (1999). Grounding, Mapping, and Acts of Meaning. In: T.Janssen, G. Redeker (eds.). Cognitive Linguistics: Foundations, Scope, and Methodology. Berlin, New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 223-255.
Sperber, D. (1995). How do We Communicate? In: J. Brockman, K. Matson (eds.). How Things Are: A Science Toolkit for the Mind. New York, Morrow, 191-199.
Tomasello, M. (2005). Beyond Formalities: The Case of Language Acquisition. The Linguistic Review 22, 183-197.
Verhagen, A. (2005). Construction of Intersubjectivity: Discourse, Syntax, and Cognition. Oxford University Press.
Wilson, D. (1994). In: G. Brown, K. Malmkjaer, A. Pollitt, J.Williams (eds.). Language and Understanding. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 35-58.
Wilson, D. (1998). Linguistic Structure and Inferential Communication. Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Linguists, July 1997. Oxford, Elsevier.
Wierzbicka, A. (1996). Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press.
Кравченко, А. (2011). The Problem of Meaning and Communication in Linguistics and the Roots of its Misunderstanding. Acta Neophilologica, 1(XIII), 91–104. Retrieved from https://czasopisma.uwm.edu.pl/index.php/an/article/view/1070
Александр Кравченко
Байкальский государственный университет экономики и права
Байкальский государственный университет экономики и права
