The European Union’s legislative process in the area of environmental protection in the context of the European environmental policy

Sahib Mammadov; Nagima Kala; Khavar Hajiyeva; Nuriyya Karimova; Aysel Guliyeva

doi:10.31648/aspal.9148

Published: 2024-03-191

Vol. 23 No. 1 (2024)

The European Union’s legislative process in the area of environmental protection in the context of the European environmental policy

Sahib Mammadov

, Nagima Kala , Khavar Hajiyeva , Nuriyya Karimova , Aysel Guliyeva

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum

Section: Articles

https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9148

Abstract

Motives: This research paper analyzes the legislative process and the implementation of the European Union’s (EU) environmental law as one of the principal tools for achieving and maintaining global ecological safety.
Aim: The study was undertaken to determine how the priorities of the EU’s foreign and internal policy are reflected in the legislative process in the area of environmental protection. The problems associated with law enforcement and the implementation of EU legislative acts in national legislation were also examined, and the current state and prospects for policy-making in the area of environmental protection were assessed. The paper considers environmental policy issues and legal regulations in Azerbaijan in the context of EU experiences. The research covers political and legal relations.
Results: An analysis of the historical transformation of the EU’s environmental law from an institutional and constitutional perspective was combined with an analysis of the principal aspects and the main trends in the EU’s environmental governance and lawmaking. The EU’s contribution to the development of environmental legislation highlights its approach to the multi-layered dimension of environmental governance internally, in terms of the dynamic relationship between the EU and the Member States, as well as internationally. The EU’s policy and legal regulations in the area of environmental protection can serve as a reliable example for countries in which the environmental agenda has not yet received due attention. The above applies to both strategic planning, regulatory issues, and law enforcement practices.

Keywords:

environmental protection, European Union, legal regulation, environmental policy, ecology

Download files

PDF

Citation rules

Mammadov, S., Kala, N., Hajiyeva, K., Karimova, N., & Guliyeva, A. (2024). The European Union’s legislative process in the area of environmental protection in the context of the European environmental policy. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum, 23(1), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.31648/aspal.9148

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Aliev, I. A., & Godzhaev, M. (2021). Azerbaydzhanskaya model’ ekologicheskoy politiki [Azerbaijanian model of environmental policy]. In H. Nikiforova (Ed.), Dal’nevostochnaya Vesna-2021 [Far Eastern Spring-2021] (pp. 41‒44). Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Google Scholar

Alqodsi, E. M. (2021). Analyzing the implementation of usufruct rights and obligations in the UAE civil transactions law. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 16(2), 202–219.
Google Scholar

Alua, M., Akynkozha, Z., Aizhan, A., Yermek, N., Tur¬gumbayev, Y., & Beaver, K. M. (2023). What separates offenders who are not victimized from offenders who are victimized? Results from a nationally representa¬tive sample of males and females. Victims & Offenders. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2023.2263849
Crossref
Google Scholar

Asadova, I. (2018). Perspektivy zelenoy ekonomiki v Azerbaydzhane [Prospects for a green economy in Azerbaijan]. In S. Aliyeva (Ed.), Sustainable development and actual problems of humanitarian sciences (pp. 32‒34). Azerbaijan University.
Google Scholar

Baker, S. (2012). The evolution of European Union environmental policy. In S. Baker (Ed.), Politics of sustainable development (pp. 101–116). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203992098-14
Crossref
Google Scholar

Bayramli, G. (2020). The environmental problems of Azerbaijan and the search for solutions. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 16, 423‒433. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2020.16.42
Crossref
Google Scholar

Beckenbach, F., & Kahlenborn, W. (Eds.) (2016). Sustainable behavioral governance: Responsive regulation for innovation. In New perspectives for environmental policies through behavioral economics (pp. 277–300). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16793-0_12
Crossref
Google Scholar

Bergkamp, L. (2021). Liability and environment: Private and public law aspects of civil liability for environmen¬tal harm in an international context. BRILL. https:// doi.org/10.1163/9789004479043
Google Scholar

Bondarouk, E., & Mastenbroek, E. (2017). Reconsidering EU compliance: Implementation performance in the field of environmental policy. Environmental Policy and Governance, 28(1), 15–27. https://doi. org/10.1002/eet.1761
Crossref
Google Scholar

Börzel, T. A., & Buzogány, A. (2019). Compliance with EU environmental law. The iceberg is melting. Environmental Politics, 28(2), 315–341. https://doi.or g/10.1080/09644016.2019.1549772
Crossref
Google Scholar

Buzogány, A., & Mohamad-Klotzbach, C. (2022). Environmental populism. In M. Oswald (Ed.), The Palgrave handbook of populism (pp. 321–340). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80803- 7_19
Crossref
Google Scholar

Capra, F., & Mattei, U. (2015). The ecology of law: Toward a legal system in tune with nature and community. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Google Scholar

Christoff, P., & Eckersley, R. (2013). Globalization and the environment. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Google Scholar

Craig, P., & de Búrca, G. (2011). EU law. Texts, cases, and materials, 5th ed. Oxford University Press.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Davies, P. G. (2017). European Union Environmental law: An introduction to key selected issues. Routledge.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Delreux, T. (2011). The EU as an international environ¬mental negotiator. Ashgate.
Google Scholar

Delreux, T., & Happaerts, S. (2016). Environmental policy and politics in the European Union, 1st ed. Macmillan International Higher Education.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Duit, A. (2014). State and environment: The comparative study of environmental governance. The MIT Press.
Crossref
Google Scholar

European Commission (2022). 8th Environment Action Programme: EU sets out to measure progress on Green Deal environment and climate goals. https://ec.europa. eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_4667
Google Scholar

European Commission (2023a). EU Adaptation Strategy. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/ adaptation-climate-change/eu-adaptation-strategy_ en#:~:text=The%20European%20Commission%20 adopted%20its,become%20climate%20resilient%20 by%202050
Google Scholar

European Commission (2023b). Multilateral Environ¬mental Agreements (MEAs). https://environment.ec. europa.eu/international-cooperation/multilateral-environmental-agreements-meas_en
Google Scholar

European Parliament (2023). Environment policy: general principles and basic framework. https://www.europarl. europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/71/environment-policy-general-principles-and-basic-framework
Google Scholar

European Union – Central Asia Water (2022). Environment and Climate Change Cooperation (WECOOP). EU Policies & Regulations. https://wecoop.eu/regional-knowledge-centre/eu-policies-regulations/
Google Scholar

Fajardo, T. (2010). Revisiting the external dimension of the environmental policy. Some challenges ahead. Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law, 7(4), 365‒390.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Gorbachev, A. A. (2021). Ekologicheskiy populizm- -nestandartnyy podkhod k prinyatiyu resheniy [Environmental populism is a non-standard approach to decision making]. In Y. P. Silin, R. V. Krasnov, & V. E. Kovalev (Eds.), Rossiya i regiony mira: Voplosh¬cheniye idey i ekonomika vozmozhnostey [Russia and the regions of the world: Embodiment of ideas and the economy of opportunity] (pp. 152–154). Ural Federal University.
Google Scholar

Hedemann-Robinson, M. (2015). Enforcement of EU environmental law: Taking stock of the evolving union legal framework. European Energy and Environmental Law Review, 24(5), 115–129. https://doi.org/10.54648/ eelr2015011
Crossref
Google Scholar

Heinelt, H. (2018). European Union environment policy and new forms of governance: A study of the imple¬mentation of the environmental impact assessment directive and the eco-management and audit scheme regulation in three member states. Routledge.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Hildebrand, P. M. (2014). The European community’s environmental policy, 1957 to ‘1992’: From incidental measures to an international regime? In D. Judge (Ed.), A green dimension for the European community (pp. 13‒44). Routledge.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Holder, J., & Lee, M. (2007). Environmental protection, law, and policy. Text and materials, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Howorth, J. (2014). Security and defense policy in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Jankuv, J. (2019). Concept of substantive human right to environment under international public law. Inter¬national Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science, 7(2), 19–29.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Jans, J. H. (2011). Stop the integration principle? Fordham International Law Journal, 33(5), 1533‒1547.
Google Scholar

Jans, J. H., & Vedder, H. (2012). European environmental law: After Lisbon. HeinOnline.
Google Scholar

Jinnah, S., & Morgera, E. (2013). Environmental provisions in American and EU free trade agreements: A preliminary comparison and research agenda. Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law, 22(3), 324‒339. https://doi. org/10.1111/reel.12042
Crossref
Google Scholar

Jordan, A. J., & Adelle, C. (2012). Environmental policy in the EU: Actors, institutions and processes. Earthscan.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Kalimo, H., Lifset, R., van Rossem, C., van Wassen¬hove, L., Atasu, A., & Mayers, K. (2012). Greening the economy through design incentives: Allocating extended producer responsibility. European Energy and Environmental Law Review, 21, 274–305.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Karpuntsov, V., & Veresha, R. (2022). The issues of criminological and victimological security and the COVID-19-related quarantine measures. Journal of Emergency Management, 20(4), 301–315. https://doi. org/10.5055/jem.0694
Crossref
Google Scholar

Kazić, E. (2018). The role of criminal law in preservation of environment reviewed through directive 2008/99/EC with reference on the state in Bosnia and Herzegovina. April 26-29, 2018. International University of Sarajevo. https://bit.ly/3KeZDPw
Google Scholar

Kelemen, R. D. (2010). Globalizing European Union envi¬ronmental policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 17, 335‒349. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501761003662065
Crossref
Google Scholar

Kettner, C., & Kletzan‐Slamanig, D. (2020). Is there climate policy integration in European Union energy efficiency and renewable energy policies? Yes, no, maybe. Environmental Policy and Governance, 30(3), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1880
Crossref
Google Scholar

Klöckner, C. A. (2015). The psychology of pro-environ¬mental communication. Beyond standard information strategies. Palgrave MacMillan.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Krämer, L. (2012). Environmental governance in the EU. In M. Alberton, F. Palermo (Eds.), Environmental protection in multi-layered systems (pp. 11‒30). Comparative Lessons from the Water Sector.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Kulovesi, K., Morgera, E., & Muñoz, M. (2011). Environmental integration and the multi-faceted international dimensions of EU law: Unpacking the EU’s 2009 climate and energy package. Common Market Law Review, 48, 829‒891. https://doi. org/10.54648/cola2011034
Crossref
Google Scholar

Lee, M. (2014). EU environmental law, governance and decision-making, 2nd ed. Hart Publishing.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Leipold, S., Feindt, P. H., Winkel, G., & Keller, R. (2019). Discourse analysis of environmental policy revisited: Traditions, trends, perspectives. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 21(5), 445–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2019.1660462
Crossref
Google Scholar

Lucas, P. (2018, September 24). Using planetary boundaries to support national implementation of environment-related Sustainable Development Goals. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. https://policycommons.net/artifacts/2182031/ using-planetary-boundaries-to-support-national-implementation-of-environment-related-sustainable-development-goals/2938008/
Google Scholar

Macrory, R., & Thornton, J. (2017). Environmental principles—will they have a role after Brexit? Journal of Planning & Environment Law, 9, 907–913.
Google Scholar

Marín Durán, G., & Morgera, E. (2012). Environmental integration in the EU’s external relations. Beyond multilateral dimensions. Hart.
Google Scholar

Morgera, E. (2012). The External Environmental Policy of the EU: EU and International Law Perspectives. CUP.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Nachmany, M., Fankhauser, S., Davidová, J., Kingsmill, N., Landesman, T., Roppongi, H., Schleifer, P., Setzer, J., Sharman, A., Stolle Singleton, C., Sundaresan, J., & Townshend, T. (2015). The 2015 global climate legislation study: A review of climate change legislation in 99 countries. Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
Google Scholar

Norton, B. G. (2011). Modeling sustainability in eco¬nomics and ecology. In K. de Laplante, B. Brown, & K. A. Peacock (Eds.), Handbook of the philosophy of science, Vol. 11: Philosophy of ecology (pp. 363–398). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51673- 2.50014-5
Crossref
Google Scholar

Okereke, C., & Ehresman, T. (2015). International environmental justice and the quest for a green global economy: Introduction to special issue. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 15(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784- 014-9264-3
Crossref
Google Scholar

Palevic, M., Spalevic, V., Skataric, G., Milisavljevic, B., Spalevic, Z., Rapajic, B., & Jovanovic, L. J. (2019). Environmental responsibility of Member States of the European Union and Candidate countries. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 19(2), 886–895.
Google Scholar

Pasetto, R., Mattioli, B., & Marsili, D. (2019). Environ¬mental justice in industrially contaminated sites. A review of scientific evidence in the WHO Europe¬an Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(6), 998. https://doi. org/10.3390/ijerph16060998
Crossref
Google Scholar

Pimenova, O. I. (2019). The principle of subsidiarity in the European Union: Vicissitudes of practical application. Pravo. Zhurnal Vysshej Shkoly Ekonomiki, 4, 144–163. https://doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2019.4.144.163
Crossref
Google Scholar

Piris, C. (2010). The Lisbon treaty. A legal and political analysis. CUP.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Puder, M. (2011). The rise of regional integration law: Good news for international environmental law. Georgetown Environmental Law Review, 23, 165‒210.
Google Scholar

Rehbinder, E., & Stewart, R. (2017). Legal integration in federal systems: European Community environmental law. In L. Krämer (Ed.), European environmental law (pp. 3‒78). Routledge. https://doi. org/10.4324/9781315255958-1
Crossref
Google Scholar

Rehbinder, E., & Stewart, R. (2020). Environmental protection policy: legal integration in the United States and the European Community. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Google Scholar

Rousseau, S., & Deschacht, N. (2020). Public awareness of nature and the environment during the COVID-19 crisis. Environmental and Resource Economics, 76, 1149–1159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020- 00445-w
Crossref
Google Scholar

Sands, P. (2017). European community environmental law: Legislation, the European Court of Justice and common-interest groups. In L. Krämer (Ed.), European environmental law (pp. 103‒116). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315255958-3
Crossref
Google Scholar

Scheuer, S. (2005). EU environmental policy handbook. A critical analysis of EU environmental legislation: Making it accessible to environmentalists and decision makers. International Books.
Google Scholar

Schmitt, S., & Schulze, K. (2011). Choosing environmental policy instruments: An assessment of the ‘environmental dimension’ of EU energy policy. European Integration online Papers. EIoP. http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2011- 009a.htm
Google Scholar

Torsello, D. (2012). New environmentalism? Civil society and corruption in the enlarged EU. Ashgate.
Google Scholar

Tsebenko, O., Ivasechko, O., Turchyn, Y., & Lukach, N. (2023). The European green deal: shaping the future of the eastern partnership. In S. O. Semerikov, I. M. Khvostina, L. T. Horal, & V. V. Solovieva (Eds.), 9th International Scientific Conference on Sustainability in Energy and Environmental Science
Google Scholar

(Vol. 1150, No. 1, Art no. 012005). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1150/1/012005
Crossref
Google Scholar

Umudov, A. (Ed.) (2021). Overview of environmental governance in Azerbaijan. In Asymmetric environ¬mental governance in Azerbaijan (pp. 29‒57). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82116-6_2
Crossref
Google Scholar

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (2011). 2-y obzor rezul’tativnosti ekologicheskoy deyatel’nosti [2nd environmental performance review]. https:// unece.org/DAM/env/epr/epr_studies/Azerbaijan_ II.r.pdf
Google Scholar

Van Calster, G., & Reins, L. (2017). EU environmental law. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Van, S. (2023). Modern Environmental Policy of the European Union: Content and Development Prospects. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50282327
Google Scholar

Vandermeersch, D. (2017). The single European act and the environmental policy of the European Economic Community. In L. Krämer (Ed.), European environ¬mental law (pp. 79‒101). Routledge.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Veresha, R. V. (2016). Criminal and legal characteristics of criminal intent. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 7(21), 1881–1890.
Google Scholar

Vinogradova, E. (2017). Ekologicheskiye prestupleniya: vo¬prosy kvalifikatsii i yurisdiktsii. 2017 god – god ekologii v Rossii [Environmental offenses: Qualifications and jurisdictions. 2017 is the year of ecology in Russia]. Litres. https://bit.ly/3M0bhPm
Google Scholar

Vogler, J. (2011). European Union environmental policy. In L. Elliott, & S. Breslin (Eds.), Comparative environmental regulation (pp. 19‒36). Routledge.
Google Scholar

Vogler, J., & Stephan, H. R. (2007). The European Union in global environmental governance: Leadership in the making? International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 7, 389‒413. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10784-007-9051-5
Crossref
Google Scholar

von Homeyer, I. (2009). The evolution of EU environ¬mental governance. In J. Scott (Ed.), Environmental protection, European law and governance (pp. 1‒26). Oxford University Press.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Wurzel, R. K. W., Zito, A. R., & Jordan, A. J. (2013). Environmental governance in Europe: A comparative analysis of new environmental policy instruments. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Sahib Mammadov

sahibmammadov2@gmx.com
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1628-1486

Affiliation:

Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Baku Azerbaijan

Nagima Kala

Affiliation:

L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana Kazakhstan

Khavar Hajiyeva

Affiliation:

Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Baku Azerbaijan

Nuriyya Karimova

Affiliation:

Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Baku Azerbaijan

Aysel Guliyeva

Affiliation:

Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Baku Azerbaijan