One of the goals of criminology is to collect information on methods of operation and ways of dealing with offenders. Knowing about the modus operandi of the perpetrators makes it possible to combat or prevent certain types of crime more effectively. This aspect seems to be particularly important as it prevents the perpetrators from engaging in illegal behavior. This idea of getting to know and working out methods of operation also applies to criminal groups that organize the transfer of foreigners across the border. Migrant smuggling activities have a long history. There has never been a shortage of foreigners interested in finding a better and easier life. Against this background, a conflict arose, as many countries began to seal their borders for this reason. The situation got complicated in 1985 with the signing of an agreement known as the Schengen Agreement. It was a legal act abolishing checks at the internal borders of the signatory states. The Schengen Agreement guaranteed the free movement of people within the so-called Schengen area. Importantly, it concerned not only citizens of the signatory states, but also people of other nationalities who crossed internal borders in the area covered by the agreement. At various times, this phenomenon was on a massive scale, especially in territories affected by an armed conflict or an economic crisis. That is why the smuggling of migrants across the borders and territories of transit countries has become a criminogenic phenomenon. Recently, it also applies to Poland. This article presents an analysis of the modus operandi of perpetrators smuggling illegal migrants. The content of the study takes into account the problems related to the detection of this type of crime. The analysis of the literature on the subject was supplemented with statistical data on the scale of this type of crime. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the variety of strategies used by criminal groups that offer migrants a paid “service” to help them cross the border illegally.
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