Dyskurs rozwojowy i praktyki rozwoju w Afryce kolonialnej. Między asymilacją a zasadą rządów pośrednich

Ryszard Vorbrich

doi:10.31648/ep.5748

Published: 2020-08-211

No. XX/2 (2019)

Theories and practices of development in colonial Africa. Between assimilation and indirect governance

Ryszard Vorbrich

Echa Przeszłości

Section: ARTICLES

https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.5748

Abstract

This study contributes to the discourse on African development. From a strictly economic point of view, development is identified with economic growth. In a broader perspective, development is regarded as a process of transformation and transition to more complex and more perfect states or forms. For this reason, the concept of development in Africa is strongly linked to culture (a comparison emphasizing the civilizational aspects of progress). The above contributed to the emergence of a depreciative approach towards Africa as an “uncivilized” or an “undeveloped” territory. Theological criteria (Christian – non-Christian) that had been initially predominant in the developmental discourse were replaced with “scientific” measures during the Enlightenment. Consequently, Africa became a symbolic “childhood of civilization”, and a continent (country) of the “black guardianship” (black ward). This approach was supported by the premise that non-Western (African) societies are organically flawed, which influenced the ideologically motivated imperative to civilize
Africa, and to legitimize the colonial system. The emergence of the colonial system coincided with the evolution of the developmental discourse, where two approaches can be identified: assimilation and “indirect governance”. This study provides an in-depth characterization of both concepts, indicating their key components (such as the évolués
category – in the context of assimilation, and the role of traditional chieftains – in the context of “indirect governance”). The study also discusses the evolution of the legal and institutional framework (the mandate system) for African development in the colonial era, as well as the ideas (and unfulfilled plans) for the decolonization of Africa.

Keywords:

Africa, development, colonial system, assimilation, indirect governance

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Vorbrich, R. (2020). Theories and practices of development in colonial Africa. Between assimilation and indirect governance. Echa Przeszłości, (XX/2). https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.5748

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