https://doi.org/10.31648/hip.2606
Ancient texts of Judaism clearly describe social stratification in Israel and the resulting religious conditions. On the other hand, religion itself defines the ways and opportunities for religious realization depending on the origin. A higher social status ensured greater opportunities for religious self-realization but it also required greater accountability to God and the community; it also imposed other obligations resulting from higher social status. The essence of Rabbinic Judaism, also called Talmudic Judaism named for its main holy book, the Talmud, is defined by the Mishnah, being – in addition to the Gemara – the Talmud’s first and fundamental part. In accordance with its intended purpose, the Mishnah teaches a moral way of life, which is commonly referred to as religious. At the same time, the book describes the social and religious life of ancient Israel before the time when it was compiled, sometimes going back even several centuries.
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