Transfer wsteczny w nauczaniu/uczeniu się języków obcych – status badawczy zjawiska w kontekście badań polskich i światowych

Aleksandra Dyderska

doi:10.31648/pj.11538

Backward transfer in second language learning/teaching – the research status of the phenomenon in the context of Polish and foreign research

Aleksandra Dyderska

Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3502-7003

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31648/pj.11538

Abstract

This article is a overview and theoretical study focusing on backward transfer (BT), defined as the influence of a foreign language on the first language (L2–L1) during foreign
language learning. The aim of the article is to review and systematize terminological
findings on BT, to present research tools used in studies of this phenomenon, and to
analyze their potential implementation in Poland. The topic is addressed due to the novelty
of BT in contact linguistics, particularly in Poland, where systematic research is limited
due to methodological challenges. The article reviews the current state of BT research
and assesses the effectiveness of existing methods. Comparative analysis of domestic and
international research highlights reasons behind implementing different approaches.
The findings lead to two main conclusions. First, differences in research techniques arise
from factors such as types of multilingualism in a given region, the level of immersion in
the foreign language and culture, L1–L2 similarity, and access to appropriate research
groups. Second, major current challenges include developing methodologies to detect and
characterize BT, identifying factors affecting its presence, and evaluating its consequences.

Keywords:

crosslinguistic influence, language attrition, backward transfer, L2–L1 influence, Polish-foreign language education studies

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Published

2025-09-30

Cited by

Dyderska, A. (2025). Backward transfer in second language learning/teaching – the research status of the phenomenon in the context of Polish and foreign research. Papers in Linguistics, 27(3), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.31648/pj.11538