The evolution of terrorism in Russia in the years 2015-2022. Quantitative analysis of the phenomenon

Agence France-Presse (2017), IS claims deadly attack on FSB office in Russia. April 22. In: https:// www.financialexpress.com/world-news/is-claims-deadly-attack-on-fsb-office-in-russia/637601/ (accessed: 20.04.2021).   Google Scholar

Andrésen, R-I. V. (2001), Terrorism and organised crime in post-Soviet Russia. FFI Report. In: https:// ffi-publikasjoner.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/20.500.12242/2452/01-03417. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed: 20.04.2021).   Google Scholar

Anemone, A. (ed.) (2010), Just Assassins: The Culture of Terrorism in Russia. Evanston.
Crossref   Google Scholar

BBC News (2015), Dagestan gunmen kill one at south Russia fortress, December 30. In: https:// www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35198059 (accessed: 29.06.2022).   Google Scholar

Bjørgo, T. | Ravndal, J. A. (2019), Extreme-right violence and terrorism: Concepts, patterns, and responses.International Centre for Counter-Terrorism.In: https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/ resrep19624.pdf   Google Scholar

Bunyan, R. | Matthews, C. | Stewart, W. (2021), Covid-19 conspiracy theorist shoots dead two people and wounds four after he was asked to put a mask on in Moscow public services building. In: Daily Mail Online. December 7. In: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10284597/ Gunman-kills-two-people-wounds-four-asked-mask-Moscow-public-building.html (accessed: 20.06.2022).   Google Scholar

Deutsche Welle (2017), Alleged neo-Nazi gunman attacks Russian intelligence office. April 21. In: https://www.dw.com/en/alleged-neo-nazi-gunman-attacks-russian-intelligence-office/ a-38541221 (accessed: 20.04.2021).   Google Scholar

Elgot, J. | Johnston, C. | Khalil, J. (2015), Russian passenger plane crashes in Egypt’s Sinai – latest, The Guardian. 31 October. In: https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/oct/31/ russian-passenger-plane-crashes-in-egypts-sinai-live (accessed: 14.05.2021).   Google Scholar

Enstad, J. D. (2018), Terrorism and Violence in Putin’s Russia. In: Perspectives on Terrorism. 12(6), 89-103.   Google Scholar

Euronews (2020), Russian police officer killed in knife attack in Chechnya, December 28. In: https:// www.euronews.com/2020/12/28/russian-police-officer-killed-in-knife-attack-in-chechnya (accessed: 20.06.2022).   Google Scholar

Federal’naya sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii (2023). In: http://www.fsb.ru/fsb/npd/ terror.htm (accessed: 09.04.2023).   Google Scholar

Gaub, F. (2017), Trends in terrorism. European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS). In: https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/ resources/docs/EUISS-Alert_4_Terrorism_in_Europe.pdf   Google Scholar

Geifman, A. (1995) Thou shalt kill: revolutionary terrorism in Russia, 1894-1917. Princeton.   Google Scholar

Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (2015), Measuring and understanding the impact of terrorism. The Institute for Economics and Peace. In: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/ uploads/2015/11/2015-Global-Terrorism-Index-Report.pdf   Google Scholar

Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (2016), Measuring and understanding the impact of terrorism. The Institute for Economics and Peace. In: http://economicsandpeace.org/wpcontent/uploads/2016/11/ Global-Terrorism-Index-2016.2.pdf   Google Scholar

Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (2017), Measuring and understanding the impact of terrorism. The Institute for Economics and Peace. In: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ Global%20Terrorism%20Index%202017%20%284%29.pdf   Google Scholar

Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (2018), Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism. The Institute for Economics and Peace. In: http://visionofhumanity.org/app/uploads/2018/12/ Global-Terrorism-Index-2018–1.pdf   Google Scholar

Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (2019), Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism. The Institute for Economics and Peace. In: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ GTI-2019web.pdf   Google Scholar

Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (2020), Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism. The Institute for Economics and Peace. In: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/ uploads/2020/11/GTI-2020-web-1.pdf   Google Scholar

Global Terrorism Index (GTI) (2022), Measuring and Understanding the Impact of Terrorism. The Institute for Economics and Peace. In: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/ uploads/2022/03/GTI-2022-web-04112022.pdf   Google Scholar

Goldbaum, C. (2022), Two Killed at Russian Embassy in Kabul. In: The New York Times. 9.   Google Scholar

Grabowski, T. (2021), Terroryzm islamski jako zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa państw Europy Wschodniej. In: Przegląd Policyjny. 142 (2), 73-99.   Google Scholar

Hahn, G. M.(2007), Russia’s Islamic threat. New Haven | London.   Google Scholar

Institute for Economics & Peace (2022), The Ukraine Russia Crisis: Terrorism Briefing, Sydney, March. In: http://visionofhumanity.org/resources (accessed: 30.06.2022).   Google Scholar

Jamestown Foundation (2017), The ‘Khasavyurt Group’: A New Watershed of Islamic State Activity in Dagestan In: Terrorism Monitor. 15(3). In: https://www.refworld.org/docid/58a31ccb4.html (accessed: 26.11.2022).   Google Scholar

Juergensmeyer, M. (2006), Religion as a Cause of Terrorism. In: Richardson, L. (ed.), The Roots of Terrorism, New York: Routledge, 133–144.   Google Scholar

Kaszuba, M. | Stempień, M. S. (2022), Terrorism in Post-Soviet Space. Comparative Analysis of the Phenomenon in the Former Soviet Republics After 2014. In: Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski. XIII(1), 93-110.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Klimentov, V.A. (2021), Bringing the war home: the strategic logic of ‘North Caucasian terrorism’ in Russia. In: Small Wars & Insurgencies. 32(2), 374-408.
Crossref   Google Scholar

National Antiterrorism Committee (2006), Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 6 „On Counteraction Against Terrorism”. In: http://en.nac.gov.ru/federal-law-no-35-fz-6-march-2006-counteraction-against-terrorism.html (accessed: 09 IV 2023).   Google Scholar

National Antiterrorism Committee (2006), Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 6 “On Counteraction Against Terrorism”. In: http://en.nac.gov.ru/federal-law-no-35-fz-6-march-2006-counteraction-against-terrorism.html   Google Scholar

Orttung, R.W. | Latta, A. (2008), Russia’s battle with crime, corruption and terrorism. London | New York.   Google Scholar

Pokalova, E. (2015), Chechnya’s terrorist network: The evolution of terrorism in Russia’s North Caucasus. Santa Barbara | California.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Ratelle North, J.-F. (2016), Caucasian foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq: assessing the threat of returnees to the Russian Federation. In: Caucasus Survey. 4(3), 218-238.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Russia (2022), Global Terrorism Database. In: https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/Results. aspx?expanded=no&casualties_type=&casualties_max=&success=yes&country=202&ob= GTDID&od=desc&page=1&count=100#results-table (accessed: 26.11. 2022).   Google Scholar

Seib, A. (2018), Wilayat al-Qawkaz-The Islamic State in the North Caucasus. Frames, Strategies and Credibility of Radical Islamist Propaganda Videos. In: Journal for Deradicalization. 15, 151-196.   Google Scholar

Topham, G. | Weaver, M. | Luhn, A. (2015), Egypt plane crash: Russia says jet was bombed in terror attack. The Guardian. November 17. In: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/17/ egypt-plane-crashbomb-jet-russia-security-service (accessed: 27.11.2022).   Google Scholar

Verkhovsky, A. (2016), Radical nationalists from the start of Medvedev’s presidency to the war in Donbas: True till death? In: Kolstø, P. | Blakkisrud, H. (eds.), The New Russian Nationalism. Imperialism, Ethnicity and Authoritarianism 2000-2015. Edinburgh, 75-103.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Yakhshiboev, U. (2017), Radicalization Among Muslim Minorities and State Response to Terrorism: Comparative Analysis of Britain and Russia. The European Centre for Minority. 101. In: https:// www.ecmi.de/publications/ecmi-research-papers/101-radicalization-among-muslim-minorities-and-state-response-to-terrorism-comparative-analysis-of-britain-and-russia   Google Scholar