ENGLISH HERD AND POLISH TRZODA: HOW THE TWO WORDS DEVELOPED FROM ONE PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN ETYMON

Mikołaj Rychło

Uniwersytet Gdański



Abstrakt

The paper concentrates on the historical comparison of English herd and Polish
trzoda from the perspective of the hypothesis of common origin. As Polish and English
are descendants of a common ancestor, the Proto-Indo-European language, it is expected
that the two words, different from one another as they may seem today, go back to one and the same common proto-word. Consequently, the pair of cognates should exhibit the
sound correspondences which result from sound changes. The main aim of the paper is to
explain the relatedness and differentiations of the modern reflexes of the original Proto-
Indo-European word and to account for their different phonological developments in both
languages with a view to understanding the connection between the contemporary cognates.
This aim is realised by means of searching for sound changes that explain the discrepancy
in the phonological shapes of modern cognates and collecting other pairs of cognates
that demonstrate the effect of these sound changes. As the result of the historical and
comparative analysis, it is argued that some of the reconstructions are more likely than others
and, in conclusion, the most probable development of the two cognates is outlined in the
chronological order.


Słowa kluczowe:

Polish-English cognates, diachronic phonology, sound changes


Boryś, W. (2005). Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Kraków, Wydawnictwo Literackie.

Carlton, T.R. (1991). Introduction to the Phonological History of the Slavic Languages.
Slavica Publishers.

Derksen, R. (2008). Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon. Leiden, Boston,
Brill.

Edgerton, F. (1958). Indo-European ‘s movable’. Language 34(4), 445−453.

Karaś, M., Madejowa, M. (1977). Słownik wymowy polskiej PWN. Warszawa, Kraków, Państwowe
Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

Kuraszkiewicz, W. (1972). Gramatyka historyczna języka polskiego. Warszawa, Państwowe
Zakłady Wydawnictw Szkolnych.

Lubotsky, A. (1998). Vedic Roots of the Type *TERDh-. Studia Indogermanica Lodziensia 2,
75−81.

Lubotsky, A. (2001). Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *sk in Indo-Iranian. Incontri Linguistic
24, 25−57.

Mallory, J.P., Adams, D.Q. (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the
Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Mann, S.E. (1984/1987). An Indo-European Comparative Dictionary. Hamburg, Helmut Buske.

Mayrhofer EWAia = Mayrhofer, M. (1986−1996). Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen.
Heidelberg, Winter.

Mayrhofer KEWA = Mayrhofer, M. (1956−1980), Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch
des Altindischen. Heidelberg, Winter.

Nitsch, K., Klemensiewicz, Z., Urbańczyk, S. (eds.) (1953−2002). Słownik staropolski. Warszawa,
Polska Akademia Nauk.

Orel, V. (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Leiden, Boston, Brill.

Pokorny, J. (1948−1969). Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern, Münich, Francke.

Ringe, D. (2006). A Linguistic History of English. Vol. 1: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-
-Germanic. Oxford University Press.

Sławski, F. (ed.) (1976). Słownik prasłowiański. Vol. 2. Wrocław, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich,
Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk.

Townsend, Ch., Janda, E., Janda, L.A. (1996). Common and Comparative Slavic: Phonology
and Inflection with Special Attention to Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian.
Columbus, Slavica Publishers.

Watkins, C. (ed.) (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots
(2nd edn.). Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Company.

Opublikowane
2013-06-01

Cited By /
Share

Rychło, M. (2013). ENGLISH HERD AND POLISH TRZODA: HOW THE TWO WORDS DEVELOPED FROM ONE PROTO-INDO-EUROPEAN ETYMON. Acta Neophilologica, 1(XV), 155–165. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.uwm.edu.pl/index.php/an/article/view/857

Mikołaj Rychło 
Uniwersytet Gdański