Published: 2026-10-04

CHRISTIAN IDENTITY AND MORAL DILEMMAS IN FAMILIES BASED ON SELECTED WORKS FROM THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES

Stanisław Strękowski
Civitas et Lex
Section: History
https://doi.org/10.31648/cetl.12545

Abstract

From the very beginning, Christians emphasized their identity, which contrasted with the dominant culture of the Roman Empire. This Christian identity was best expressed in the formula: "one Lord, one faith, one baptism. One God and Father of all, who is over all, through all, and in all" (Ephesians 4:4-5), the practice of which in daily life within families and church communities fundamentally distinguished them from the identity of pagans, Jews, and heretics. The primary environment in which Christian identity was formed was the family, built on monogamous marriage, where the faith was passed on and attitudes consistent with the teachings of Jesus Christ were practiced in daily life. The Christian family consisted of parents, children, and slaves. Fathers of families were admonished to treat their slaves with respect so as not to lead them to lose faith in the one God. In raising children, for whom the father, as head of the family, was responsible, in addition to fostering faith, hope, and love of God and neighbor, Christian parents also nurtured their children's moral development. They were encouraged to be chaste, faithful, courageous, just, and love of God and neighbor, which contrasted with pagan customs. Unlike pagan families, Christian families emphasized mutual service, love, faithfulness, and unity. The identity of the Christian family was often subjected to great tests during persecutions organized by the Roman authorities. In such circumstances, not only were magnificent testimonies of faith witnessed, as evidenced by the interrogation files and descriptions of the martyrs' executions, but also, on numerous occasions, imprisoned individuals and their loved ones experienced moral dilemmas. The fundamental dilemma involved choosing between love for loved ones and responsibility for their earthly fate, or fidelity to Christ unto death. The attitude of the martyrs in prisons and in the arenas was a source of edification and a model to imitate for fellow believers awaiting their turn. Their courage and steadfastness spiritually strengthened the entire Christian community. In this hour of great trial, many people, despite pressure from loved ones, chose martyrdom. However, there were also those who were not yet sufficiently formed in the Christian faith who yielded to the urgings of their relatives.

Keywords:

Christian identity, family, Christianity in the Roman EmpireChristian identity, family, Christianity in the Roman Empire

Download files

Citation rules

Strękowski, S. (2026). CHRISTIAN IDENTITY AND MORAL DILEMMAS IN FAMILIES BASED ON SELECTED WORKS FROM THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES. Civitas Et Lex, 51(3), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.31648/cetl.12545

Cited by / Share

This website uses cookies for proper operation, in order to use the portal fully you must accept cookies.