Wolność według Hannibala. Historiograficzna wizja polityki kartagińskiej wobec miast Italii (218–210 p.n.e.)

Miron Wolny

doi:10.31648/ep.7937

Published: 2022-07-011

No. XXIII/1 (2022)

Wolność według Hannibala. Historiograficzna wizja polityki kartagińskiej wobec miast Italii (218–210 p.n.e.)

Miron Wolny

Echa Przeszłości

Section: ARTICLES

https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.7937

Abstract

The article attempts to reconstruct the mechanisms underlying Carthage’s attempts to promote the Hellenic freedom propaganda in Italian cities between 218 and 210 BCE, when the Carthaginians were still able to score a victory over Rome. According to ancient historical sources, Hannibal’s success was rooted in breaking the friendship (amicitia) between the allies and Rome, and the narrative surrounding Carthaginian operations was subjugated to this hypothesis. Therefore, the article analyzes the effectiveness of the freedom propaganda (ἐλευθερία) in Italian cities. Based on the events of 218-210 BCE, the author concludes that Hannibal’s actions (including the freedom propaganda) had undermined the political cohesion of the Italian Federation. The methods used by Hannibal to promote the freedom propaganda were largely dependent on circumstances and observations of current affairs in Italy. Hannibal relied on a strictly economic approach in managing his military forces, and these goals were achieved by promoting ἐλευθερία. When the freedom propaganda proved to be ineffective, Carthaginians resorted to fear-evoking measures in Italy to create the demand for liberty.

Keywords:

ancient historiography, Second Punic War, Hannibal, ἐλευθερία, Italian cities

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2

Download files

pdf (Język Polski)

Citation rules

Wolny, M. (2022). Wolność według Hannibala. Historiograficzna wizja polityki kartagińskiej wobec miast Italii (218–210 p.n.e.). Echa Przeszłości, (XXIII/1), 9–28. https://doi.org/10.31648/ep.7937

Cited by / Share

Licence

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

References

Bellen H., Metus Gallicus – Metus Punicus. Zum Furchtmotiv in der römischen Republik, Stuttgart 1985.
Google Scholar

Brizzi G., Metus Punicus. Studi e ricerche su Annibale e Roma, Bolonia 2011.
Google Scholar

Costabile F., I e l’attegiamento filoromane delle aristocrazie italiote nella tradizione liviana (216-205 a. C.), „Historica” 30, 1977, s. 179 i n.
Google Scholar

De Sanctis G., Storia dei Romani, vol. III, 2, Torino 1916.
Google Scholar

Ehrenberg V., Maharbal no. 2, „Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumwissenschaft” 14.1, Stuttgart 1928, kol. 522-523.
Google Scholar

Erskine A., Hannibal and The Freedom of The Italians, „Hermes” 121, 1993, s. 58-62.
Google Scholar

Ferrary J.-L., Philhellenisme et imperialisme: aspects idéologiques de la conquête romaine du monde hellénistiqiue, Rome 1988.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Friedrich T., Biographie des Barkiden Mago. Ein Beitrag zur Kritik des Valerius Antias, Wien 1880.
Google Scholar

Geus K., Prosopographie der literarisch bezeugten Karthagern, Leuven 1994.
Google Scholar

Girod M. R., Rhétorique et histoire chez Tite Live, w: Colloque sur la rhétorique, ed. R. Chevallier, Paris 1979, 61-81.
Google Scholar

Goldsworthy A., The Punic Wars, Cassell 2000.
Google Scholar

Halkin L., Hannibal ad portas!, „Les Etudes Clasiques” 3, 1934, s. 417-457.
Google Scholar

Hoyos D., Maharbal’s Bon Mot: Authenticity and Survival, Classical Quarterly” 50, 2000, s. 610-614.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Hoyos D., Hannibal’s Dynasty: Power and Politics in the Western Mediterranean 247-183 B.C., London 2003.
Google Scholar

Jones A. H. M., The Greek City, Oxford 1940.
Google Scholar

Kolb A., Army and Transport, w: The Roman Army and Economy, ed. P. Erdkamp, Amsterdam 2002, 161-166.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Kukofka D. A., Süditalien im Zweiten Punischen Krieg, Frankfurt am Main 1990.
Google Scholar

Laurenzi L., Perchè Annibale non assediò Roma. Considerazioni archeologiche, w: Studi Annibalici. Atti del Convegno svoltosi a Cortona – Tuoro sul Trasimeno – Perugia (ottobre 1961), Cortona 1964, s. 141-152.
Google Scholar

Lazenby J. F., Was Maharbal Right, w: The Second Punic War. A Reappraisal, ed. T. Cornell, J. F. Lazenby, P. Sabin, London 1996, s. 39-48.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Levene D. S., Livy on the Hannibalic War, Oxford 2012.
Google Scholar

Lévêque P., Pyrrhos, Paris 1957.
Google Scholar

Ligt de L., Roman Manpower and the Recruitment During the Middle Republik, w: A Companion to the Roman Army, ed. P. Erdkamp, Blackwell 2007, s. 114-131.
Google Scholar

Linderski J., Si vis pacem, para bellum: Concepts of Defensive Imperialism, w: The Imperialism of Mid-Republican Rome, red. W.V. Harris, Rome 1984, s. 133-164
Google Scholar

Lipiński É., Maharbal no. 5, „Dictionaire de la civilisation phénicienne et punique”, ed. É. Lipiński, Brepols 1992, s. 269.
Google Scholar

Lomas K., Rome, Latins and Italians in the Second Punic War, w: A Companion to the Punic Wars, ed. D. Hoyos, Blackwell 2011, s. 339-356.
Crossref
Google Scholar

MacDonald E., Hannibal a Hellenistic Life, London 2015.
Google Scholar

Magie D., Roman Rule in Asia Minor, vol. 2, Princeton 1950.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Miles R., Carthage Must be Destroyed. The Rise and Fall of an Ancient Mediterranean Civilization, Allen Lane 2010.
Google Scholar

Mommsen Th., Römische Geschichte, Bd. I – Bis zur Schlacht von Pydna, Berlin 1856.
Google Scholar

Nawotka K., Freedom of Greek Cities in Asia Minor in the Age of Alexander the Great, „Klio” 85, 2003, s. 15-41.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Petzold K.-E., Die Eröffnung des zweiten römisch-makedonischen Krieges. Untersuchungen zur spätannalistischen Topik bei Livius, Berlin 1940.
Google Scholar

Plezia M., Słownik łacińsko-polski, t. 1, Warszawa 2007.
Google Scholar

Preaux C., La monde hellénistique: la Grèce el l’Orient (323-146 av. J.-C), vol. I, Paris 1978.
Google Scholar

Rich J., Fear, Greed and Glory: The Causes of Roman War-Making in the Middle Republic, w: War and Society in the Roman World, red. J. Rich, G. Shipley, London–New York 1993, s. 38-68.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Salmon E. T., The Strategy of the Second Punic War, „Greece and Rome” 7, 1960, s. 131-142.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Sandberger F., Prosopographie zur Geschichte des Pyrrhos, Stuttgart 1970.
Google Scholar

Schmitt T., Hannibals Siegeszug. Historiographische und historische Studien vor allem zu Polybius und Livius, München 1991.
Google Scholar

Słapek D., Metus Spartacius? A Gladiatorial Episode at the Beginning of the 2 nd Civil War in Rome (January, 49 BC), w: Spartacus. History and Tradition, ed. D. Słapek, Lublin 2018, s. 101-112.
Google Scholar

Sonnabend H., Pyrrhos und die 'Furcht‘ der Römer vor dem Osten, „Chiron” 19, 1989, s. 319-345.
Google Scholar

Stähelin F., Kineas no. 3, RE 11.1, Stuttgart 1921, kol. 473-475.
Google Scholar

Stanton G.R., Cunctando restituit rem. The Tradition about Fabius, „Antichithon” 5, 1971, s. 49-56.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Walbank F. W., A Historical Commentary on Polybius, vol. I, Oxford 1957.
Google Scholar

Werner R., Das Problem des Imperialismus und die römische Ostpolitik im 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr., „Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt”, I 1, red. H. Temporini, W. Haase, Berlin 1972, s. 501-563.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Przemówienia Hannibala do wojsk w roku 218 p.n.e. – prawda o relacjach wodza z żołnierzami czy wymysł antycznej historiografii?, „DO-SO-MO (Fascicula Classica)” 4-5, 2002-2003, s. 159-165.
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Hannibal w Italii (218-217 p.n.e.). Studia nad uwarunkowaniami początkowych sukcesów kartagińskich, Olsztyn 2007.
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Studia nad statusem i kompetencjami dowódców kartagińskich w okresie przewagi Barkidów (237-201 p.n.e.), wyd. 2, Oświęcim 2016.
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Metus Pyrrhicus. Rzeczywistość i historiografia, „Studia Antiquitatis et Medii Aevi Incohantis” 21, 2019, s. 21-44.
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Kartagińskie oblężenia Kasylinum (216/215 p.n.e.) – rzeczywistość historyczna a arkana antycznych przekazów literackich, „Echa Przeszłości” 21/1, 2020, s. 9-33.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Spartacus ipse in primo agmine fortissime dimicans quasi imperator occisus est. Uwagi dotyczące pracy: Spartacus. History and Tradition, ed. D. Słapek, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2018, ss. 294+il., “Res Historica” 52, 2021, s. 663-680.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Equitum peditumque idem longe primus erat. Uwagi o sprzęcie oblężniczym Hannibala, “Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki” (w druku).
Google Scholar

Wolny M., Amilcare – L’ultimo partigiano in Italia (w przygotowaniu).
Google Scholar

Zecchini G., Polybios zwischen metus hostilis und nova sapientia, „Tyche” 10, 1995, s. 219-232.
Crossref
Google Scholar

Zecchini G., Annibale prima e dopo il Trasimeno: alcune osservazioni, „Rivista Storica Antichita” 33, 2003, s. 91-98.
Google Scholar

Zimmermann K., Hannibal ante portas: Warum verzeichtete Hannibal 216 v. Chr. auf den March auf Rom?, w: Vincere Scis, Victoria Uti Nescis. Aspekte der Rückschauverzerrung in der Alte Geschichte, ed. K. Brodersen, Berlin 2008, s. 49-60.
Google Scholar

Zimmermann K., Roman Strategy and Aims in the Second Punic War, w: A Companion to the Punic Wars, ed. D. Hoyos, Blackwell 2011, s. 280-298.
Crossref
Google Scholar