The Existence of Personality and Hikikomori State: a Socio-Philosophical Reflection on the Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Olena Honcharova
Department of Social-Humanitarian Disciplines, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, 9, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue, Mykolayiv, Ukraine, 54007Olga Kyvliuk
Department of Philosophy, Foreign Languages and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines, Kyiv Institute of Intellectual Property and Law of the National University “Odesa Law Academy”, 210, Kharkivs’ke Highway, Kyiv, Ukraine, 02000Inna Chugueva
Department of Social-Humanitarian Disciplines, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, 9, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue, Mykolayiv, Ukraine, 54007Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of humans joining the ranks of hikikomori at the time of and after the introduction of strict quarantine measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The lifestyle of the hikikomori, as a specific subcultural trend that focuses on the physical distancing of the individual from the space of social communication, is emphasised. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the hikikomori lifestyle became common to many people under a regime of enforced self-isolation. However, even when quarantine measures are relaxed and a return to familiar communication practices is allowed, not all people are willing to return to offline life. Attitudes towards temporality also change under conditions of pandemic and enforced self-isolation, where complex ethico-social dilemmas arise, bringing psychological discomfort to the individual on micro-and macro levels.
References
Chaban Oleh, Khaustova Olena, 2009, Human maladaptation in a social crisis: new syndromes and ways to overcome them, The Journal of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, No. 3 (23), p.13-21, http://psychiatry.dnmu.ru/1/3(l23)2009.pdf#page=12 (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Chuhuieva Inna, Sakovska Viktoria, 2021, Hikikomori markers in adolescents under quarantine restrictions, Scientific Bulletin of V.О. Sukhomlynskyi National University. Psychological Sciences, No. 2 (21), p. 70-74, https://doi.org/10.33310/2078-2128-2021-21-2.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Di Martino Loredana, 2014, Postmodern Irony, Encyclopedia of Humor Studies. SAGE Publications, Inc. P. 590, https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/encyclopedia-of-humor-studies/i7888.xml (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Fedotova Tetiana, 2015, Features of experiencing loneliness by persons in early adolescence, Psychological Perspectives, No. 26, p. 297 307. Google Scholar
Frankova Irina, 2017, Does hikikomori exist in Ukraine?, European Psychiatry, No. 41, p. 228, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2230.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Frankova Irina, 2018, Psychological correction of social self-isolation, Medical psychology, No 13 (1), p. 17 – 23. Google Scholar
García-Campayoa Javier, Aldab Marta, Sobradiela Natalia, Sanz Abósc Beatriz, 2007, A case report of hikikomori in Spain, Medicina Clinica, No. 129 (8), p. 318–319, https://doi.org/10.1157/13109125.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Gerasimova Iuliia, Zagainov Vladimir, Averinskaia Svetlana, Egorov Vladimir, 2021, Deviant behavior during the coronavirus pandemic as one of the determinants of crime, Law and regulation, No 4, p. 88 – 91, https://doi.org/10.24412/2073-3313-2021-4-88-91. Google Scholar
Holt-Lunstad Julianne, 2020, The Double Pandemic Of Social Isolation And COVID-19: Cross-Sector Policy Must Address Both, Health Affairs. https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200609.53823 (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Horney Karen, 2008, Neurosis and Human Growth. The struggle for self-realization, Academic project, Moscow. Google Scholar
Hudz Tetiana, 2020, Development of emotional intelligence as a condition for prevention of loneliness in adulthood, Reclusiveness and loneliness in the life of the individual. / Collection of theses on the materials of the round table discussion, 24.04.2020, Kyiv: State Enterprise “Information and Analytical Agency”, p. 21–24. Google Scholar
International Labour Office, 2015, World employment and social outlook: trends 2015, International Labour Organization, Geneva, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_337069.pdf (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
International Labour Office, 2020, ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the World of Work. 6th ed. Updated Estimates and Analysis, International Labour Organization, Geneva, https://www.Ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/–-dgreports/–-dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_755910.pdf (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
International Labour Office, 2020, World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2020, International Labour Organization, Geneva, https://www.ilo.org/global/research/global- reports/weso/2020/WCMS_734479/lang--en/index.htm (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Kato Takahiro A., Tateno Masaru, Shinfuku Naotaka, Fujisawa Daisuke, Teo Alan R., Sartorius Norman, Akiyama Tsuyoshi, Ishida Tetsuya, Choi Tae Young, Balhara Yatan Pal Singh, Matsumoto Ryohei, Umene-Nakano Wakako, Fujimura Yota, Wand Anne, Pei-Chen Chang Jane, Yuan-Feng Chang Rita, Shadloo Behrang, Ahmed Helal Uddin, Lerthattasilp Tiraya, Kanba Shigenobu, 2012, Does the ‘hikikomori’syndrome of social withdrawal exist outside Japan? A preliminary international investigation, Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, No. 47 (7), p. 1061-1075, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0411-7.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Kemmoku Anita, Kuznetsova Elena, 2020, Stalemate, Around the world, No. 6 (2957), p. 121 122. Google Scholar
Kizima Volodymyr, 2014, Loneliness as a socio-psychological category, Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 12. Psychological Sciences, No 43, p. 359 364. Google Scholar
Komar Taisiia, 2020, Loneliness as a factor of escaping into the virtual dimension, Reclusiveness and loneliness in the life of the individual. Collection of theses on the materials of the round table discussion, 24.04.2020, Kyiv: State Enterprise “Information and Analytical Agency”, p. 31 33. Google Scholar
Koyama Asuka, Miyake Yuko, Kawakami Norito, Tsuchiya Masao, Tachimori Hisateru, Takeshima Tadashi, The World Mental Health Japan Survey Group, 2010, Lifetime prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity and demographic correlates of “hikikomori” in a community population in Japan, Psychiatry research, No. 176 (1), p. 69 74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.019.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Krieg Alexander, Dickie Jane R., 2013, Attachment and hikikomori: A psychosocial developmental model, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, No 59 (1), p. 61-72, https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764011423182.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Kyselova Oksana, 2020, Gender dimension of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ministry of Finances of Ukraine, https://mof.gov.ua/storage/files/covid_final.pdf (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Manavis Sarah, 2021, How the pandemic made virtual reality mainstream, The New Statesman, https://www.newstatesman.com/science-tech/coronavirus/2021/02/how-pandemic-made-virtual-reality-mainstream (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Mangiarotti Alessandra, 2009, Le esistenze rovesciate degli “hikikomori”, un male sociale non più solo giapponese. I giovani che si autorecludono: il mondo esterno è solo sul computer. Gli psichiatri: ragazzi isolati per anni, come a Tokio. I racconti:”Niente scuola, ci basta Internet”, Il corriere della sera, https://www.corriere.it/cronache/09_febbraio_11/stanza_chiusi_giovani_alessandra_mangiarotti_825d70b4-f81e-11dd-9277-00144f02aabc.shtml (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Matilla-Santander Nuria, Ahonen Emily, Albin Maria, Baron Sherry, Bolıbar Mireia, Bosmans Kim, Burstrom Bo, Cuervo Isabel, Davis Letitia, Gunn Virginia, Hakansta Carin, Hemmingsson Tomas, Hogstedt Christer, Jonsson Johanna, Julia Mireia, Kjellberg Katarina, Kreshpaj Bertina, Lewchuk Wayne, Muntaner Carles, O’Campo Patricia, Orellana Cecilia, Ostergren Per-Olof, Padrosa Eva, Ruiz Marisol E., Vanroelen Christophe, Vignola Emilia, Vives Alejandra, Wegman David H., Bodin Theo and All Members of the PWR Study Consortium, 2021, COVID-19 and Precarious Employment: Consequences of the Evolving Crisis, International Journal of Health Services, No 51 (2) p. 226 – 228, https://doi.org/10.1177/0020731420986694.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Ostrikova Anna, Zaitseva-Chipak Nataliia, Kosenko Oksana, Malets Oleh, Ursu Olena, Prykhodko Tetiana, Sydorovych Tetiana, Martyniuk Yuliia, 2020, Sociological research “Youth of Ukraine during COVID-19”, https://www.ua.undp.org/content/ukraine/uk/home/library/democratic_governance/COVID-19-impact-on-youth-in-Ukraine.html (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Reclusiveness and loneliness in the life of the individual. / Collection of theses on the materials of the round table discussion, 2020, Kyiv: State Enterprise “Information and Analytical Agency”. Google Scholar
Rooksby Maki, Furuhashi Tadaaki, McLeod Hamish J., 2020, Hikikomori: a hidden mental health need following the COVID-19pandemic, World Psychiatry, No 19 (3), p. 399–400, https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20804.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Sakamoto Noriyuki, Martin Rodger G., Kumano Hiroaki, Kuboki Tomifusa, Al-Adawi Samir, 2005, Hikikomori, is it a culture-reactive or culture-bound syndrome? Nidotherapy and a clinical vignette from Oman, The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, No 35 (2), p. 191-198, https://doi.org/10.2190/7WEQ-216D-TVNH-PQJ1.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Sliusarevskyi Mykola, Naidonova Liubov, Voznesenska Olena (Eds.), 2020, Covid-19 pandemic experience: remote psychological research, remote psychological support: materials of online seminars on April 23, 2020 “Quarantine experience: remote psychological assistance and support” and on May 15, 2020 “Remote psychological research in the covid-19 pandemic and quarantine”, ISPP NAPS of Ukraine, Kyiv, https://ispp.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/Static/dosvid_onl-sem_23-04-20_and_15-05-20_ncov19.pdf (22.09.2022). Google Scholar
Suwa Mami, Suzuki Kunifumi, 2013, The phenomenon of “hikikomori” (social withdrawal) and the socio-cultural situation in Japan today, Journal of Psychopathology, No 19, p. 191 198. Google Scholar
Tymchenko Oleksandr, 2018, Loneliness as a socio-psychological phenomenon: basic models and modern tendencies, Theory and practice of modern psychology, No 2, p. 70 73. Google Scholar
Urzaliev Murod, 2020, Issues of criminalization of society in a pandemic – new threats and challenges, Review of law sciences, No 2, p. 192–197, https://doi.org/10.24412/2181-1148-2020-2-192-197. Google Scholar
Vasileva Anna, 2020, Mental disorders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic (international experience and approaches to therapy), Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry named after S. S. Korsakov, No 120 (9), p. 121 – 129.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Wong Adrian, Ho Serene, Olusanya Olusegun, Antonini Marta Velia, Lyness David, 2020, The use of social media and online communications in times of pandemic COVID-19, Journal of the Intensive Care Society, p. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143720966280.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Wong Mark, 2020, Hidden youth? A new perspective on the sociality of young people ‘withdrawn’in the bedroom in a digital age, New Media & Society, No 22 (7), p. 1227 – 1244, https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820912530.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Wong Paul W.C., Liu Lucia L., Li Tim M.H., Kato Takahiro A., Teo Alan R., 2017, Does hikikomori (severe social withdrawal) exist among young people in urban areas of China?, Asian journal of psychiatry, No 30, p. 175-176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2017.10.026.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Wu Alison F. W., Ooi Jinnie, Wong Paul W. C., Catmur Caroline and Lau Jennifer Y. F., 2019, Evidence of pathological social withdrawal in non-Asian countries: a global health problem?, The Lancet Psychiatry, No 6 (3), p. 195-196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30428-0.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Department of Social-Humanitarian Disciplines, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, 9, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue, Mykolayiv, Ukraine, 54007
Department of Philosophy, Foreign Languages and Socio-Humanitarian Disciplines, Kyiv Institute of Intellectual Property and Law of the National University “Odesa Law Academy”, 210, Kharkivs’ke Highway, Kyiv, Ukraine, 02000
Department of Social-Humanitarian Disciplines, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, 9, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue, Mykolayiv, Ukraine, 54007
