Uwarunkowania historyczne i wolność mediów: Polska i Ukraina w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX w.
Svitlana Soroka
Department of Public Administration, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 68 Desantnikiv 10, 54003 Mykolayivhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-0388
Yuliana Palagnyuk
Department of Social Work, Governance and Pedagogy, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 68 Desantnikiv 10, 54003 Mykolayivhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-8498
Abstrakt
Celem podjętego dyskursu jest ukazanie historycznych uwarunkowań różnych poziomów wolności mediów w postsocjalistycznych krajach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX w., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski i Ukrainy. Autorki zauważają, że chociaż te dwa kraje pod względem geograficznym są sobie bardzo bliskie, a także w tym samym okresie rozpoczęły proces przejścia od komunizmu do demokracji i zainicjowały reformy medialne, to jednak w ciągu ostatniej dekady XX w. osiągnęły diametralnie odmienne rezultaty. W Polsce osiągnięto poziom wolnych mediów, a na Ukrainie – nie. Autorki w celu wyjaśnienia tych odmienności sięgają po teorię zależności ścieżkowej Putnama, zgodnie z którą rozwój danych procesów zależy od ich historycznych uwarunkowań. Oznacza to, że wspomniane odmienności dają się wytłumaczyć przede wszystkim jako skutki różnic w dziejach poszczególnych krajów w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej oraz różnic w reformach gospodarczych, jakie po upadku komunizmu były przez poszczególne postkomunistyczne państwa wdrażane.
Słowa kluczowe:
wolność mediów, reformy mediów, posocjalistyczna transformacja, demokracjaBibliografia
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Toch Marta, 1986, Reinventing civil society: Poland’s quiet revolution, 1981–1986, Hel¬sinki Watch Committee, New York.
Walesa Lech, 1987, A way of hope, Henry Holt, New York.
Wilson Andrew, 2000, The Ukrainians: unexpected nation, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Arthur Brian, 1994, Increasing returns and path dependence in the economy, Universi¬ty of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
Ash Timothy Garton, 1991, The Polish revolution: Solidarity, Viking Penguin, London.
Bibó István, 1991, Democracy, revolution, self-determination: selected writings, Atlan¬tic Research Publications, New York.
Casmir Fred, 1995, Communication in Eastern Europe: the role of history, culture, and media in contemporary conflicts, Lawrence Erlbaum, New Jersey.
Chornovil Vyacheslav, 1968, The Chornovil papers, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Downing John, 1996, Internationalizing media theory: transition, power, culture: reflec¬tions on mass media in Russia, Poland and Hungary 1980–95, Sage Publications, London.
Fish Stevens, 1998, The Determinants of Economic Reform in the Post-Communist World, East European Politics and Societies, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 31–78.
Goban-Klas Tomasz, 1994, The orchestration of the media: the politics of mass commu¬nications in communist Poland and the aftermath, Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.
Gross Peter, 2002, Entangled evolutions: media and democratization in Eastern Eu¬rope, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Halecki Oskar, 1992, A history of Poland, Dorset Press, New York.
Hoffmann Riem Wolfgang, 1996, Regulating Media, The Guilford Press, New York.
Hrushevsky Michael, 1970, A history of Ukraine, Archon Books, Yale.
Kemp-Welch Anthony, 1991, The birth of Solidarity, Macmillan, Houndmills, Bas¬ingstoke, Hampshire.
Kopstein Jeffrey and Reilly David, 2000, Geographic Diffusion and the Transformation of the Postcommunist World, World Politics, 53 (1), pp. 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0043887100009369.
Krawchenko Bohdan, 1983, Ukraine after Shelest, University of Toronto Press, Ed¬monton.
Lange Yasha, 1997, Media in the CIS: a study of the political, legislative and socio-eco¬nomic framework, European Institute for the media, Düsseldorf.
Leftwich Jane and Fajfer Luba, 1996, Poland’s permanent revolution: people vs. elites, 1956 to the present, American University Press, Washington.
Liana Giorgi, 1995, Post – socialist Media: What Power the West? The changing Media landscape in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic, Aldershot, Avebury.
Lukowski Jerzy and Zawadzki Hubert, 2001, A concise history of Poland, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Magocsi Paul Robert, 1996, A history of Ukraine, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.
Mahoney James, 2001, The legacies of liberalism: path dependence and political re¬gimes in Central America, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Milor Vedat, 1994, Changing political economies: privatization in post-communist and reforming communist states, L. Rienner, Boulder, Colo.
Misztal Bronislaw, 1985, Poland after Solidarity: social movements versus the state, Transaction Books, New Brunswick.
Niczow Aleksandar, 1982, Black book of Polish censorship, Główny Urząd Kontroli Prasy, Publikacji i Widowisk, Warszawa.
North Douglass, 1995, Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
O’Neil Patrick, 1997, Post-communism and the media in Eastern Europe, Frank Cass, London.
Paletz David and Jakubowicz Karol, 2002, Business as usual: continuity and change in Central and Eastern European media, Hampton Press, New Jersey.
Putnam Robert, Leonardi Robert and Raffaell Nanetti, 1993, Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy, Princeton University Press, Princeton N.J.
Reddaway William, 2016, The Cambridge history of Poland, Cambridge University Press, London.
Reid Anna, 1999, Borderland: a journey through the history of Ukraine, Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.
Richter Andrei, 2002, The Partial Transition. Ukraine’s post-communist media, in: Monroe Price, Rozumilowicz Beata and Verhulst Stefaan (ed.), Media reform: de¬mocratizing the media, democratizing the state, Routledge, London, New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203471418.
Rudnytsky Ivan, 1987, Essays in modern Ukrainian history, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, Edmonton.
Smoliy Valeriy, 1997, Istoriya Ukrainy, Alternativy, Kyiv.
Subtelny Orest, 1994, Ukraine: a history, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, Toronto.
Sukosd Miklos and Bajomi-Lazar Peter, 2003, Reinventing Media: Media Policy reform in East Central Europe, CEU Press, Budapest.
Szucs Jeno, 1983, The three historical regions of Europe: an outline, Hungarian Acade¬my of Sciences, Budapest.
Toch Marta, 1986, Reinventing civil society: Poland’s quiet revolution, 1981–1986, Hel¬sinki Watch Committee, New York.
Walesa Lech, 1987, A way of hope, Henry Holt, New York.
Wilson Andrew, 2000, The Ukrainians: unexpected nation, Yale University Press, New Haven.
Soroka, S., & Palagnyuk, Y. (2020). Uwarunkowania historyczne i wolność mediów: Polska i Ukraina w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX w. Studia Warmińskie, 57, 401–414. https://doi.org/10.31648/sw.4629
Svitlana Soroka
Department of Public Administration, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 68 Desantnikiv 10, 54003 Mykolayiv
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-0388
Department of Public Administration, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 68 Desantnikiv 10, 54003 Mykolayiv
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-0388
Yuliana Palagnyuk
Department of Social Work, Governance and Pedagogy, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 68 Desantnikiv 10, 54003 Mykolayiv
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-8498
Department of Social Work, Governance and Pedagogy, Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 68 Desantnikiv 10, 54003 Mykolayiv
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-8498
