Эдичка Эдуарда Лимонова и категория „лишнего человека”

Robert Bieliński

Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie

Аннотация

The social and psychological concept of „a superfluous man” appeared in the nineteenth- century Russian literature. The term spread over in the middle of the XIXth century thanks to the novel A Diary o f a Superfluous Man by Ivan Turgenev which was published in 1850. Its image was bom earlier as the embodiment of the rebellious Byronie hero. In 1976 a weird personality appeared in the Russian literature of the authorship of Eduard Limonov. It is Edichka. The character of Limonov’s hero is very complicated. Edichka has emigra­ ted and that is why it is difficult for him to find himself in the new American present-day reality. He frets, his wife leaves him. He experiences loneliness, alienation and boredom. The More Edichka realizes his superiority over the others, the deeper he suffers. Such a consciousness and later his wife’s faithlessness ruin his philosophy of the sense of life. He starts searching for his place in the world of chaos which has exiled him. Edichka shocks us by his frankness, his monologues, saturated in erotical shades. The way Edichka behaves, all his nature makes us think he possesses all the features typical of „superflu­ ous people”. At the same time there are a lot of contradictions in him. As a superfluous man Edichka appears to be a very difficult personality, full of discords, which exceed the limits of the model of the „a superfluous man”. His extreme and degeneration contrasted with the accepted scheme of „a superfluous man” appear to be a normal and natural fact, which states the evolution of the term. Close to the new rules and opinions the demands and people’s state of mind have changed. , A superfluous man” has changed too. Edichka like his predecessors is deeply convinced that the world has deceived him, made him take up a lonely and restless way. Most of the „superfluous” people- Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin, - became wanderers who rushed about between the waves of loneliness in which they saw the only aim. Constanty moving they tried to overcome the yearning, solitude and indifference, to believe that it is possible to live in a different better way. Edichka behaves differently. He writes from time to time as he prefers doing nothing.