К вопросу о польских сельских общинах Северного Кавказа в межвоенный период (1918–1939)
Виктор Акопян
Pyatigorsk State UniversityАннотация
В статье рассматривается состояние польских общин в сельских населенных пунктах Северного Кавказа в период между двумя мировыми войнами. Автор отмечает, что в регионе по разным причинам не сформировались моноэтниче-ские поселения поляков. Это было как следствием объективных причин (дисперсность расселения поляков, преобладание социальных групп и профессий, характерных для городской жизни), так и результатом сознательной политики царских, а после революции и гражданской войны советских властей, препятствовавших их созда-нию. Несмотря на малочисленность польского сельского населения, в быту селян в большей степени, чем у городских соотечественников, продолжительное время сохранялось следование обычаям, традициям, вере, использовался родной язык и преобладало национальное самосознание.
Ключевые слова:
Северный Кавказ, церковные приходы, советская власть, польские сельские общины,, сельские поселения, национальное самосознание, репрессииБиблиографические ссылки
CGA KBR – Centralʹnyj gosudarstvennyj arhiv Kabardino-Balkarskoj Respubliki [Central State Archive of the Kabardin-Balkar Republic]. (In Russian)
GANISK – Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv noveyshey istorii Stavropol’skogo kraya [State Archive of the Contemporary History of Stavropol Kray]. (In Russian)
RGASPI – Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj arhiv socialʹno-političeskoj istorii [Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History]. (In Russian)
Akopyan Viktor Zavenovich. 2017. Likvidaciya katolicheskih prihodov na Yuge Rossii v period “Velikogo pereloma” [Liquidation of Catholic parishes in the South of Russia during the “Great turning point”]. In: Problemy Rossijskoj civilizacii i metodiki prepodavaniya istorii [Problems of Russian civilization and methods of teaching history]. Interuniversity collection of scientific papers. Vol. IX. Saratov, Nauka Publishing House, pp 50–59. (In Russian)
Akopyan Viktor Zavenovich. 2019. K istorii sozdaniya pol’skih nacional’nyh sekcij pri vlastnyh strukturah sovetskoj vlasti na Yuge Rossii [On the history of the creation of Polish national sections under the Soviet power structures in the South of Russia]. “Acta Polono-Ruthenica” Vol. XXIV/4, pp. 155–173. (In Russian)
Bogolyubov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. 2008. Polyaki na Severnom Kavkaze v XIX–XX vv. [Poles in the North Caucasus in the XIX–XX centuries]. Krasnodar, Kubanskii gosudarstvennii uni-versitet. (In Russian)
Bunyaeva Natal’ya. Esche Pol’ska ne sginela! “Vechernij Stavropol’” [“Evening Stavropol”]. Avail-able at: http://vechorka.ru/article/esche-polska-ne-sginela/ (Accessed 17 May 2020). (In Russian)
El’nikova Valentina Borisovna. 2012. Pol’skie pereselency na Stavropol’e [Polish immigrants in Stavropol territory]. Available at: http://www.rusnauka.com/35_OINBG_2012/Isto-ria/4_122708.doc.htm (Accessed 17 May 2020). (In Russian)
Goreckij Vitalij Fedorovich. 2015. Polyaki Kabardino-Balkarii [Poles of Kabardino-Balkaria]. Nalchik, Filobiblon. (In Russian)
Grigorashvili-Burakovskaya Marianna. 2005. Polyaki v Severnoj Osetii [Poles in North Ossetia].
In: Polyaki v Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’ [Poles in Russia: history and modernity]. Krasnodar, Kubanskii gosudarstvennii universitet. (In Russian)
Kanukova Zalina Vladimirovna, Ajlarova Svetlana Ahsarbekovna. 2012. Pol’skaya diaspora v Osetii: etnodiaspornaya identichnost’ i ee konfessional’naya sostavlyayushchaya [Polish Dias-pora in Ossetia: ethno-disputed identity and its confessional component]. “Vestnik Severo-Ose-tinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta” [“Bulletin of the North Ossetian State University. Social science”] no 4, pp. 48–51. (In Russian)
Minskij (hutor) [Minsky (farmstead)]. Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (Accessed 19 May 2020). (In Russian)
Pol’skij (hutor) [Polish (farmstead)]. Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (Accessed 19 May 2020). (In Russian)
Pukish Vladimir Stepanovich. 2011. “My ne takie katoliki, kak polyaki...”: k voprosu o religioznyh predstavleniyah chekhov i polyakov Severnogo Kavkaza v konce XIX – nachale XX vv. [“We are not such Catholics as the Poles...”: on the religious beliefs of the Czechs and Poles of the North Caucasus in the late XIX – early XX centuries]. In: Mir slavyan Severnogo Kavkaza [The world of the Slavs of the North Caucasus]. Vol. 6. Krasnodar, Nauchno-issledovatelskii centr tradicionnoi kulturi “Kubanskii kazachii hor”. (In Russian)
Selickij Aleksandr Igorevich. 2008. Polyaki na Kubani: istoricheskie ocherki [Poles in the Kuban: historical essays]. Krasnodar, Kubanskii gosudarstvennii universitet. (In Russian)
Stavropol’skie gubernatory: ot Emmanuelya do Yanushevicha [Stavropol governors: from Emmanuel to Yanushevich]. Available at: https://zen.yandex.ru/media/stavgorod/stavropolskie-guberna-tory-ot-emmanuelia-do-ianushevicha-5d7792842fda8600ae042d63 (Accessed 10 May 2020). (In Russian)
V Kabardino-Balkarii zavershayut stroitel’stvo kostela iz samana [In Kabardino-Balkaria, the construction of a Church made of Adobe is being completed]. Available at: http://kbrria.ru/obshchestvo/v-kabardino-balkarii-zavershayut-stroitelstvo-kostela-iz-samana-1673 (Accessed 17 May 2020). (In Russian)
Vsesoyuznaya perepis’ naseleniya 1926 goda [All-Union population census of 1926]. 1928. Vol. V. Moscow, CSO of the USSR. (In Russian)
GANISK – Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv noveyshey istorii Stavropol’skogo kraya [State Archive of the Contemporary History of Stavropol Kray]. (In Russian)
RGASPI – Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj arhiv socialʹno-političeskoj istorii [Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History]. (In Russian)
Akopyan Viktor Zavenovich. 2017. Likvidaciya katolicheskih prihodov na Yuge Rossii v period “Velikogo pereloma” [Liquidation of Catholic parishes in the South of Russia during the “Great turning point”]. In: Problemy Rossijskoj civilizacii i metodiki prepodavaniya istorii [Problems of Russian civilization and methods of teaching history]. Interuniversity collection of scientific papers. Vol. IX. Saratov, Nauka Publishing House, pp 50–59. (In Russian)
Akopyan Viktor Zavenovich. 2019. K istorii sozdaniya pol’skih nacional’nyh sekcij pri vlastnyh strukturah sovetskoj vlasti na Yuge Rossii [On the history of the creation of Polish national sections under the Soviet power structures in the South of Russia]. “Acta Polono-Ruthenica” Vol. XXIV/4, pp. 155–173. (In Russian)
Bogolyubov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich. 2008. Polyaki na Severnom Kavkaze v XIX–XX vv. [Poles in the North Caucasus in the XIX–XX centuries]. Krasnodar, Kubanskii gosudarstvennii uni-versitet. (In Russian)
Bunyaeva Natal’ya. Esche Pol’ska ne sginela! “Vechernij Stavropol’” [“Evening Stavropol”]. Avail-able at: http://vechorka.ru/article/esche-polska-ne-sginela/ (Accessed 17 May 2020). (In Russian)
El’nikova Valentina Borisovna. 2012. Pol’skie pereselency na Stavropol’e [Polish immigrants in Stavropol territory]. Available at: http://www.rusnauka.com/35_OINBG_2012/Isto-ria/4_122708.doc.htm (Accessed 17 May 2020). (In Russian)
Goreckij Vitalij Fedorovich. 2015. Polyaki Kabardino-Balkarii [Poles of Kabardino-Balkaria]. Nalchik, Filobiblon. (In Russian)
Grigorashvili-Burakovskaya Marianna. 2005. Polyaki v Severnoj Osetii [Poles in North Ossetia].
In: Polyaki v Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’ [Poles in Russia: history and modernity]. Krasnodar, Kubanskii gosudarstvennii universitet. (In Russian)
Kanukova Zalina Vladimirovna, Ajlarova Svetlana Ahsarbekovna. 2012. Pol’skaya diaspora v Osetii: etnodiaspornaya identichnost’ i ee konfessional’naya sostavlyayushchaya [Polish Dias-pora in Ossetia: ethno-disputed identity and its confessional component]. “Vestnik Severo-Ose-tinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta” [“Bulletin of the North Ossetian State University. Social science”] no 4, pp. 48–51. (In Russian)
Minskij (hutor) [Minsky (farmstead)]. Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (Accessed 19 May 2020). (In Russian)
Pol’skij (hutor) [Polish (farmstead)]. Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ (Accessed 19 May 2020). (In Russian)
Pukish Vladimir Stepanovich. 2011. “My ne takie katoliki, kak polyaki...”: k voprosu o religioznyh predstavleniyah chekhov i polyakov Severnogo Kavkaza v konce XIX – nachale XX vv. [“We are not such Catholics as the Poles...”: on the religious beliefs of the Czechs and Poles of the North Caucasus in the late XIX – early XX centuries]. In: Mir slavyan Severnogo Kavkaza [The world of the Slavs of the North Caucasus]. Vol. 6. Krasnodar, Nauchno-issledovatelskii centr tradicionnoi kulturi “Kubanskii kazachii hor”. (In Russian)
Selickij Aleksandr Igorevich. 2008. Polyaki na Kubani: istoricheskie ocherki [Poles in the Kuban: historical essays]. Krasnodar, Kubanskii gosudarstvennii universitet. (In Russian)
Stavropol’skie gubernatory: ot Emmanuelya do Yanushevicha [Stavropol governors: from Emmanuel to Yanushevich]. Available at: https://zen.yandex.ru/media/stavgorod/stavropolskie-guberna-tory-ot-emmanuelia-do-ianushevicha-5d7792842fda8600ae042d63 (Accessed 10 May 2020). (In Russian)
V Kabardino-Balkarii zavershayut stroitel’stvo kostela iz samana [In Kabardino-Balkaria, the construction of a Church made of Adobe is being completed]. Available at: http://kbrria.ru/obshchestvo/v-kabardino-balkarii-zavershayut-stroitelstvo-kostela-iz-samana-1673 (Accessed 17 May 2020). (In Russian)
Vsesoyuznaya perepis’ naseleniya 1926 goda [All-Union population census of 1926]. 1928. Vol. V. Moscow, CSO of the USSR. (In Russian)
Акопян, В. (2020). К вопросу о польских сельских общинах Северного Кавказа в межвоенный период (1918–1939). Acta Polono-Ruthenica, 4(XXV), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.31648/apr.5936
Виктор Акопян
Pyatigorsk State University
Pyatigorsk State University
