1. Author Information (Metadata)

When submitting an article, the Author provides:

• first and last name,
• academic affiliation,
• email address,
• ORCID identifier.

Authors are required to have an ORCID identifier. Those who do not have one should create a free account before submitting the article.

2. Formal Requirements of the Article

The article should include:

• a title in English,
• an abstract in English (100–150 words),
• one to five keywords in English,
• a reference list (bibliography),
• alternative (ALT) descriptions for all graphical materials, if applicable.

3. Article Length

The article should be between 25,000 and 40,000 characters with spaces.
Footnotes are included in the character limit.
The bibliography is not included in the article length.

4. Substantive Requirements

The article should:

• present a clearly defined research problem and research objective,
• include properly defined concepts,
• describe the applied methodology,
• use appropriate sources and literature,
• present logical and coherent argumentation,
• have a clear structure,
• conclude with findings resulting from the conducted research or analysis.

5. Originality of the Work

The Author is responsible for the originality of the submitted article.
The following are not permitted:

• plagiarism,
• self-plagiarism,
• data falsification or fabrication,
• violation of third-party copyright.

The article must not contain personal data of third parties without an appropriate legal basis.

6. Language and Text Preparation

The text should be prepared using the Latin alphabet.
If other alphabets are used, transliteration or transcription must be applied in accordance with applicable standards.

7. Editorial Process and Author Proofreading

After editorial work is completed, the Author receives a PDF file for approval.
The Author is required to submit any corrections within the deadline set by the Editorial Office (as a rule, within 14 days).
After publication, changes may only be introduced in the form of an erratum or correction in accordance with applicable publishing procedures.

8. Alternative (ALT) Descriptions

Graphic materials should include alternative descriptions.
The description should:

• be 5 to 15 words long,
• be concise and unambiguous,
• describe the function of the illustration,
• avoid phrases such as “the image shows…”.

9. Footnotes and Citation Style

The journal uses the Chicago Notes and Bibliography system with modifications resulting from editorial guidelines.
Footnotes should include full identifying information for cited:

• legal acts,
• academic publications,
• online sources.

Examples of citation style are provided in the editorial guidelines.

10. Bibliography

The bibliography should be prepared in a consistent format and include full bibliographic details of all cited publications.

11. Ethical Standards

The journal applies the standards of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Authors are required to:

• comply with principles of academic integrity,
• disclose any conflicts of interest,
• provide accurate authorship information,
• adhere to rules regarding plagiarism and self-plagiarism.

The Editorial Office applies COPE procedures in case of suspected violations of publication ethics.

12. Research Transparency

Authors are encouraged to:

• indicate sources of research funding,
• provide the research project number,
• include a Data Availability Statement, if the nature of the research allows it,
• apply principles enabling verification of research results.

13. Publication Identification

Each published article receives a DOI identifier.
Publication metadata is prepared in accordance with Crossref standards.
Publications are subject to long-term digital archiving.

14. Author Responsibility

The Author bears full responsibility for:

• the originality of the article,
• the reliability of the presented research results,
• the correctness of citations and bibliography,
• compliance with academic ethics standards,
• obtaining all required permissions for the use of legally protected materials.

15. Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools

Artificial intelligence tools may not be listed as authors of publications.
If AI tools were used during the preparation of the article, the Author should disclose the extent of their use. The Author bears sole responsibility for the content of the article, the accuracy of data, citations, and compliance with academic ethics standards.