The main thesis of the article touches upon the problem of the leading role of science in the sphere of contemporary philosophical discussions. The first of the arguments drawn to justify such statement stresses the role of science as one of the five criteria according to which the term “modern philosophy” is defined. The second argument serves for depicting the purpose of recognizing the importance of science within the theoretical structure of modern philosophical trends. Meanwhile the author presents some ways of logical systematization of the majority of modern philosophical trends. The criteria of selection presented in the article are as follows: positive or negative attitude towards science, scientific outlook or the role of science culture and social interactions. Additionally the author points to the presence of the division in the philosophical trends which are inspired by pre-scientific religious tradition.
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