Anthropological Terminology: basar and ruah in the Books of the Hebrew Bible, which Omit the Term nepes
Cezary Korzec
WT Uniwersytetu SzczecińskiegoAbstract
Anthropological terminology: rûªH and bäSär in the books of the Hebrew Bible, which omit the term nepeš.
The article analyses a group of texts of the Old Testament derived from the books (Ezr, Ne, Dn, Jl, Ab, Na, Zep, and Ml), in which the term nepeš has not been noted, but which do contain two other terms essential to the biblical anthropology, which seeks to answer the question of who is a man (the terms concerning the way of life of the man, the sphere of his emotions, etc. have been omitted) terms: rûªH and bäSär. Due to the ambiguity of the terminology, the first goal of the analysis is to determine the meaning of the terms in the selected texts, and, in the case of their anthropological connotation, to explain the semantical range. The goal of the analyses is to survey the anthropological situation of the aforementioned books.
The article significantly confirms the affiliation of the anthropological terminology found in the analysed texts to the main anthropological current. Just as in the case of Ml it points to the possibility of new original anthropological inspirations, which, in the case of Ml concern the unity of marriage.
Keywords:
Old Testament, biblical anthropology, basar, rûah, nepešReferences
Albertz Reiner, Westermann Claus, 2012, rûaH spirit, w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 1202-1220. Google Scholar
Becking Bob, 2011, Ezra, Nehemiah, and the construction of early Jewish identity, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Bratsiotis Panagiotis N., 1998, bäSär, w: Johannes G. Botterweck (red.) i inni, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, t. II, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Cambridge, s. 317-332. Google Scholar
Bultmann Rudolf, 1951, Theology of the New Testament, t. 1, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. Google Scholar
Gerleman Gillis, 2012, BäSär flesh, w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 283-285. Google Scholar
Gibson Jonathan, 2016, Covenant Continuity and Fidelity: A Study of Inner-Biblical Allusion and Exegesis in Malachi, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, London.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Crenshaw James L., 1995, Joel. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, Doubleday, New York.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Janowski Bernd, 2019, Anthropologie des Alten Testaments. Grundfragen - Kontexte – Themenfelder, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Jastrow Morris, 1905, Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens, t. 2, J. Ricker, Giessen.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Jeremias Jörg, 2007, Die Propheten Joel, Obadja, Jona, Micha, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen. Google Scholar
Koehler Ludwig, 2008, Wielki słownik hebrajsko - polski i aramejsko - polski Starego Testamentu, Vocatio, Warszawa. Google Scholar
Korzec Cezary, 2018, Nepeš: statystyka przemyślana, w: Janusz Lemański (red.) i Piotr Goniszewski (red.), Problem psychofizyczny czyli pytanie o istnienie i naturę duszy, Wyd. Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin, s. 67 – 81. Google Scholar
Lemański Janusz, 2006, Nadzieja zbawienia dla wzywających imienia Pana Jl 3, 1,5, Verbum Vitae nr 9/1, s. 33-47.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Lemański Janusz, 2016., Od Ducha Bożego/Jhwh do Ducha Świętego, w: Grzegorz M. Baran, (red.) i inni, Scripturae Lumen 8: Duch święty, Biblos, Tarnów, s. 63–84. Google Scholar
Lemański Janusz, 2018, O właściwe rozumienie greckiego pojęcia „dusza” (psychē) stosowanego w Starym Testamencie, w: Janusz Lemański (red.) i Piotr Goniszewski (red.), Problem psychofizyczny czyli pytanie o istnienie i naturę duszy, Wyd. Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin, s. 11-66. Google Scholar
Lemański Janusz, 2020, Standardowe i specyficzne znacznie rozumienia słowa rûªH w tekstach Księgi Rodzaju i Księgi Wyjścia, Verbum Vitae nr 37/1, s. 11-34.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Lys Daniel, 1962, Ruach. Le souffle dans l’Ancien Testament, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris. Google Scholar
Parchem Marek, 2008, Księga Daniela. Wstęp – przekład z oryginału – komentarz, Edycja Świętego Pawła, Częstochowa. Google Scholar
Porteous Norman, 1979, Daniel, SCM Press LTD, London. Google Scholar
Pritchard James B., 1958, Ancient Near East Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Princeton University Press, London. Google Scholar
Ravasi Ginafranco, 1996, Il libro dei Salmi. Commento e attualizzazione, t. II, Edizioni Dehoniane, Bologna. Google Scholar
Roth Martin, 2005, Israel und die Völker im Zwölfprophetenbuch: eine Untersuchung zu den Büchern Joel, Jona, Micha und Nahum, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Rudolph Wilhelm, 1976, Haggai, Zacharja 1–8; Zacharja 9–14; Maleachi, Gütersloh Verlag, Gütersloh. Google Scholar
Scharbert Josef, 1966, Fleisch, Geist und Seele im Pentateuch, Verlag Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart. Google Scholar
Schart Aaron, 2022, Malachi, Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Scheffczyk Leon, 1964, Der moderne Mensch vor dem biblischen Menschenbild, Herder, Freiburg. Google Scholar
Seebass Horst, 1998, nepeš, w: Johannes G. Botterweck (red.) i inni, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, t. IX, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Cambridge, s. 497–519. Google Scholar
Sellin Ernst, 1930, Das Zwölfprophetenbuch. 2. Hälfte: Nahum-Maleachi, Deichertsche Leipzig. Google Scholar
Smith John M. P., 1912, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Book Malachi, w: Hinckley G. Mitchell (red.) i inni, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi and Jonah, T&T Clark, Edinburgh, s. 1-88. Google Scholar
Tengström Sven, Fabry Heinz-Josef, 1990, rûaḥ, w: Johannes G. Botterweck (red.) i inni, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, t. XIII, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Cambridge, s. 365-387. Google Scholar
Toffelmire Colin M., 2016, A Discourse and Register Analysis of the Prophetic Book of Joel, Brill, Leiden.
Crossref
Google Scholar
Westermann Claus, 1997a, ´ädäm, person, w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 31-42. Google Scholar
Westermann Claus, 1997b, nepeš, soul, w: w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 743–759. Google Scholar
Wolff Hans W., 1993, Antropologia dell’Antico Testamento, Queriniana, Brescia. Google Scholar
Wróbel Mirosław, 2010, Księga Ezdrasza – Księga Nehemiasza. Wstęp – przekład z oryginału – komentarz, Edycja Świętego Pawła, Częstochowa:. Google Scholar
Young Philip Y., 2017, Ezra and the second wilderness, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Google Scholar
Zolli Eugenio, Note esegetiche all’AT [Mal 2,15, Jer 23,39], „Antonianum” 31(1956) s. 305-311. Google Scholar
WT Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego
