Anthropological Terminology: basar and ruah in the Books of the Hebrew Bible, which Omit the Term nepes

Cezary Korzec

WT Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego


Abstract

Anthropological terminology: rûªH and bäSär in the books of the Hebrew Bible, which omit the term nepeš.

The article analyses a group of texts of the Old Testament derived from the books (Ezr, Ne, Dn, Jl, Ab, Na, Zep, and Ml), in which the term nepeš has not been noted, but which do contain two other terms essential to the biblical anthropology, which seeks to answer the question of who is a man (the terms concerning the way of life of the man, the sphere of his emotions, etc. have been omitted) terms: rûªH and bäSär. Due to the ambiguity of the terminology, the first goal of the analysis is to determine the meaning of the terms in the selected texts, and, in the case of their anthropological connotation, to explain the semantical range. The goal of the analyses is to survey the anthropological situation of the aforementioned books.

The article significantly confirms the affiliation of the anthropological terminology found in the analysed texts to the main anthropological current. Just as in the case of Ml it points to the possibility of new original anthropological inspirations, which, in the case of Ml concern the unity of marriage.


Keywords:

Old Testament, biblical anthropology, basar, rûah, nepeš


Albertz Reiner, Westermann Claus, 2012, rûaH spirit, w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 1202-1220.   Google Scholar

Becking Bob, 2011, Ezra, Nehemiah, and the construction of early Jewish identity, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Bratsiotis Panagiotis N., 1998, bäSär, w: Johannes G. Botterweck (red.) i inni, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, t. II, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Cambridge, s. 317-332.   Google Scholar

Bultmann Rudolf, 1951, Theology of the New Testament, t. 1, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York.   Google Scholar

Gerleman Gillis, 2012, BäSär flesh, w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 283-285.   Google Scholar

Gibson Jonathan, 2016, Covenant Continuity and Fidelity: A Study of Inner-Biblical Allusion and Exegesis in Malachi, Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, London.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Crenshaw James L., 1995, Joel. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, Doubleday, New York.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Janowski Bernd, 2019, Anthropologie des Alten Testaments. Grundfragen - Kontexte – Themenfelder, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Jastrow Morris, 1905, Die Religion Babyloniens und Assyriens, t. 2, J. Ricker, Giessen.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Jeremias Jörg, 2007, Die Propheten Joel, Obadja, Jona, Micha, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen.   Google Scholar

Koehler Ludwig, 2008, Wielki słownik hebrajsko - polski i aramejsko - polski Starego Testamentu, Vocatio, Warszawa.   Google Scholar

Korzec Cezary, 2018, Nepeš: statystyka przemyślana, w: Janusz Lemański (red.) i Piotr Goniszewski (red.), Problem psychofizyczny czyli pytanie o istnienie i naturę duszy, Wyd. Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin, s. 67 – 81.   Google Scholar

Lemański Janusz, 2006, Nadzieja zbawienia dla wzywających imienia Pana Jl 3, 1,5, Verbum Vitae nr 9/1, s. 33-47.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Lemański Janusz, 2016., Od Ducha Bożego/Jhwh do Ducha Świętego, w: Grzegorz M. Baran, (red.) i inni, Scripturae Lumen 8: Duch święty, Biblos, Tarnów, s. 63–84.   Google Scholar

Lemański Janusz, 2018, O właściwe rozumienie greckiego pojęcia „dusza” (psychē) stosowanego w Starym Testamencie, w: Janusz Lemański (red.) i Piotr Goniszewski (red.), Problem psychofizyczny czyli pytanie o istnienie i naturę duszy, Wyd. Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin, s. 11-66.   Google Scholar

Lemański Janusz, 2020, Standardowe i specyficzne znacznie rozumienia słowa rûªH w tekstach Księgi Rodzaju i Księgi Wyjścia, Verbum Vitae nr 37/1, s. 11-34.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Lys Daniel, 1962, Ruach. Le souffle dans l’Ancien Testament, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.   Google Scholar

Parchem Marek, 2008, Księga Daniela. Wstęp – przekład z oryginału – komentarz, Edycja Świętego Pawła, Częstochowa.   Google Scholar

Porteous Norman, 1979, Daniel, SCM Press LTD, London.   Google Scholar

Pritchard James B., 1958, Ancient Near East Texts Relating to the Old Testament, Princeton University Press, London.   Google Scholar

Ravasi Ginafranco, 1996, Il libro dei Salmi. Commento e attualizzazione, t. II, Edizioni Dehoniane, Bologna.   Google Scholar

Roth Martin, 2005, Israel und die Völker im Zwölfprophetenbuch: eine Untersuchung zu den Büchern Joel, Jona, Micha und Nahum, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Rudolph Wilhelm, 1976, Haggai, Zacharja 1–8; Zacharja 9–14; Maleachi, Gütersloh Verlag, Gütersloh.   Google Scholar

Scharbert Josef, 1966, Fleisch, Geist und Seele im Pentateuch, Verlag Katholisches Bibelwerk, Stuttgart.   Google Scholar

Schart Aaron, 2022, Malachi, Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Scheffczyk Leon, 1964, Der moderne Mensch vor dem biblischen Menschenbild, Herder, Freiburg.   Google Scholar

Seebass Horst, 1998, nepeš, w: Johannes G. Botterweck (red.) i inni, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, t. IX, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Cambridge, s. 497–519.   Google Scholar

Sellin Ernst, 1930, Das Zwölfprophetenbuch. 2. Hälfte: Nahum-Maleachi, Deichertsche Leipzig.   Google Scholar

Smith John M. P., 1912, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Book Malachi, w: Hinckley G. Mitchell (red.) i inni, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi and Jonah, T&T Clark, Edinburgh, s. 1-88.   Google Scholar

Tengström Sven, Fabry Heinz-Josef, 1990, rûaḥ, w: Johannes G. Botterweck (red.) i inni, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, t. XIII, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, Cambridge, s. 365-387.   Google Scholar

Toffelmire Colin M., 2016, A Discourse and Register Analysis of the Prophetic Book of Joel, Brill, Leiden.
Crossref   Google Scholar

Westermann Claus, 1997a, ´ädäm, person, w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 31-42.   Google Scholar

Westermann Claus, 1997b, nepeš, soul, w: w: Ernst Jenni (red.) i Claus Westermann (red.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, Hendrickson, Peabody (Ma), s. 743–759.   Google Scholar

Wolff Hans W., 1993, Antropologia dell’Antico Testamento, Queriniana, Brescia.   Google Scholar

Wróbel Mirosław, 2010, Księga Ezdrasza – Księga Nehemiasza. Wstęp – przekład z oryginału – komentarz, Edycja Świętego Pawła, Częstochowa:.   Google Scholar

Young Philip Y., 2017, Ezra and the second wilderness, Oxford University Press, Oxford.   Google Scholar

Zolli Eugenio, Note esegetiche all’AT [Mal 2,15, Jer 23,39], „Antonianum” 31(1956) s. 305-311.   Google Scholar


Published
2023-12-21

Cited by

Korzec, C. (2023). Anthropological Terminology: basar and ruah in the Books of the Hebrew Bible, which Omit the Term nepes. Studia Warmińskie, 60, 145–164. https://doi.org/10.31648/sw.8601

Cezary Korzec 
WT Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego