Eponimy pochodzenia rosyjskiego: „stachanowiec” w języku polskim

Michał Sarnowski

Wrocław

Abstrakt

Inn the article the Polish fates of the lexeme stakhanovite (стахановец) and the concept of „the exemplary front-rank worker”, which were imported from the USSR after the World War II. The Polish history of this word is very dynamic, and semantics and pragmatics are changeable and contradictory. Referring to the lexical data and some of the contemporary texts, in the Polish history of the concept and lexeme the author singles out three periods. They correspond to the three stages of formation of the semantics and pragmatics of this lexeme and to the ways of its functioning in the texts. Serving at the beginning, the communisti propaganda in the early nineties the Polish stakha­ novite (стахановец) started to be used in the negative (ironical and humorous contexts), and nowadays as a result of the activization of some semes it tends to gains the informational neutrality and is even sometimes used with a positive attitude.