Financial aspects of unregistered employment in Poland and other Eastern European countries
Janina Sawicka
Mazovian State University in PłockMariola Szewczyk-Jarocka
Mazovian State University in PłockAnna Nowacka
Mazovian State University in PłockAbstrakt
A review of the specialist literature and analysis of own study results reveal that a scale of the phenomena of undeclared work is both globally and locally significant and differentiated. Comparative research for the entire geographical area is difficult, as these are countries with very diverse economies. This was due to historical conditions, dynamic of socio-political changes and ties with other political alliances, membership in organizations and economic partnerships. The aim of the empirical research was to identify the financial aspects of undertaking work in the grey zone from the workers point of view. The study target group were chosen from unemployed registered at the Municipal Employment Office in Płock, Mazovia Region. Results show that the unemployed turn to undeclared work for financial reasons, such as higher reimbursement, unsatisfactory income or excessively high social insurance contributions. Respondents assessed their financial situation most often as bad, and indicated difficulties in finding work through registered employment. People who undertake work in a grey zone are predominantly those from low income groups, socially excluded, migrants, long time unemployed.
Słowa kluczowe:
undeclared work, labour market, unemployment, finances, Eastern European Countries, PolandBibliografia
BORCUCH, A. (2012), WPŁYW RYNKU PŁATNOŚCI ELEKTRONICZNYCH NA OGRANICZANIE SZAREJ STREFY. IN: FINANSE. 1 (5), 68-80. Google Scholar
BUSZKO, A. (2016), MECHANIZMY SZAREJ STREFY. WARSZAWA. Google Scholar
FUNDOWICZ, J./LAPIŃSKI, K./WYŻNIKIEWICZ, B. ET AL. (2020), RAPORT SZARA STREFA 2020. WARSZAWA. Google Scholar
GOŁĘBIOWSKI, G. (2007), ZJAWISKO SZAREJ STREFY Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM GOSPODARKI POLSKIEJ. IN: WSPÓŁCZESNA EKO-NOMIA. 1, 17-28. Google Scholar
HILL, N./ALEXANDER, J. (2003), POMIAR SATYSFAKCJI I LOJALNOŚCI KLIENTÓW. KRAKÓW. Google Scholar
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT (2019), BEYOND INCOME, BEYOND AVERAGES, BEYOND TODAY: INEQUALITIES IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY, UNDP, PP. 315-317. IN: HTTP://HDR.UNDP.ORG (ACCESSED 20.4.2021). Google Scholar
JANDRIC, M. (2020), MEASURES OF DE FACTO EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION. IN: MANAGEMENT JOURNAL OF SUS-TAINABLE BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES. 25 (1), 23-36.
Crossref
Google Scholar
LEONARD, M. (1998), INVISIBLE WORK, INVISIBLE WORKERS. THE INFORMAL ECONOMY IN EUROPE AND THE US. LONDON.
Crossref
Google Scholar
MALACZEWSKA, P. (2019), SZARA STREFA GOSPODARKI DETERMINANTY I MECHANIZMY KSZTAŁTOWANIA. ŁÓDŹ. Google Scholar
MRÓZ, B. (2002), GOSPODARKA NIEOFICJALNA W SYSTEMIE EKONOMICZNYM. WARSZAWA. Google Scholar
MUP W PŁOCKU. (2019), SPRAWOZDANIE O RYNKU PRACY 01.08.2018 – 31.08.2018. IN: HTTP://MUPPLOCK. PRACA.GOV.PL/DOCUMENTS/4063619/6455409/MRPIPS-01%2008.2018.PDF/6698B386-C77A-487D-8B59- CA35A9EF60DC?T=1536920094755 (ACCESSED 30.3.2021). Google Scholar
NEYKOV, R./ROBERT, C. (2021), THE ROLE OF THE EURO IN THE EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES. DISCUSSION PAPER 138. IN: HTTPS://EC.EUROPA.EU/INFO/PUBLICATIONS/ECONOMIC-AND-FINANCIAL-AFFAIRS-PUBLICATIONS_EN (AC-CESSED 30.3.2021). Google Scholar
OLEKSIUK, A. (2017), INVESTMENT LEVEL AND STRUCTURE IN THE REGION OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND BARRIERS FOR INVESTMENT GROWTH REPORTED BY ENTREPRENEURS IN THE LIGHT OF FINDINGS OF OWN SURVEY RESEARCH. IN: PRZEGLĄD WSCHODNIOEUROPEJSKI. VIII/1, 125-140.
Crossref
Google Scholar
OECD (2019), TAX MORALE: WHAT DRIVES PEOPLE AND BUSINESSES TO PAY TAX? IN: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1787/F3D8EA10-EN (ACCESSED 16.4.2021).
Crossref
Google Scholar
SCHNEIDER, F, G., WILLIAMS, C.C. (2013), THE SHADOW ECONOMY , INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, 2013, AVAIL-ABLE AT SSRN. IN: HTTPS://SSRN.COM/ABSTRACT=2286334 (ACCESSED 21.3.2021). Google Scholar
SZEWCZYK-JAROCKA, M. (2020), UNDECLARED WORK OF SOCIALLY EXCLUDED PEOPLE IN LIGHT OF SURVEY RESEARCH. IN: POLITYKI EUROPEJSKIE, FINANSE I MARKETING. 24 (73), 244-254.
Crossref
Google Scholar
SZULC-OBŁOZA, A. (2019), PRACA NIEREJESTROWANA A BEZROBOCIE. IN: WIADOMOŚCI STATYSTYCZNE. IN: THE POLISH STATISTICIAN. 64 (6), 31-43.
Crossref
Google Scholar
PUTNIŅŠ, T. J./SAUKA, A. (2011), SIZE AND DETERMINANTS OF SHADOW ECONOMIES IN THE BALTIC STATES. IN: BALTIC JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS. 11 (2), 5-25.
Crossref
Google Scholar
TYGODNIK GOSPODARCZY PIE (2021), NOWOCZESNE TECHNOLOGIE POMOGĄ W OGRANICZANIU SZAREJ STREFY. IN: HTTPS://PIE.NET.PL/WP-CONTENT/UPLOADS/2021/03/TYGODNIK-GOSPODARCZY-PIE_09-2021.PDF (ACCESSED 30.2.2021) Google Scholar
UNDECLARED WORK IN THE EUROPEAN UNION (2020), SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 498 – SEPTEMBER 2019. IN: HTTPS://EC.EUROPA.EU/COMMFRONTOFFICE/PUBLICOPINION (ACCESSED 21.3.2021). Google Scholar
UNREGISTERED... (2015), UNREGISTERED EMPLOYMENT IN POLAND IN 2014. WARSZAWA. Google Scholar
UNREGISTERED... (2019), UNREGISTERED EMPLOYMENT IN POLAND IN 2017. WARSZAWA Google Scholar
WILLIAMS, C./WINDEBANK, J. (1998), INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE ADVANCED ECONOMIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR WORK AND WELFARE. LONDON/NEW YORK. Google Scholar
Mazovian State University in Płock
Mazovian State University in Płock
Mazovian State University in Płock
