Alleged Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election and prohibition of non-intervention
Radosław Fordoński
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztyniehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8127-5986
Wojciech Kasprzak
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztyniehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3683-7825
Abstrakt
Opracowanie podejmuje zagadnienie zakazu interwencji w sprawy wewnętrzne innych państw na tle problemu domniemanej rosyjskiej ingerencji w wybory prezydenckie w USA w 2016 r. Analiza stanowi kompendium wiedzy na temat zakresu i metod ingerencji, przygotowane w oparciu o dokumenty wspólnoty wywiadowczej oraz biura prokuratora specjalnego Departamentu Sprawiedliwości USA w okresie od stycznia 2017 do lipca 2018 r. Przedmiotem rozważań jest również zakres i treść zakazu interwencji we współczesnym prawie międzynarodowym. Elementem podsumowującym opracowanie jest ocena legalności zidentyfikowanych metod rosyjskiej ingerencji w amerykańskie wybory prezydenckie z perspektywy prawa międzynarodowego.
Słowa kluczowe:
zakaz interwencji w sprawy wewnętrzne państw, interwencja w cyberprzestrzeni, ingerencja zewnętrzna w proces wyborczy, wybory prezydenckie w USA w 2016 r.Bibliografia
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Kilovaty I., ‘Doxfare: Politically Motivated Leaks and the Future of the Norm on Non-Intervention in the Era of Weaponized Information’, (2018) 9 Harvard NSJ
(Harvard National Security Journal) 146–179.
Ohlin J. D., ‘Did Russian Cyber Interference in the 2016 Election Violate International Law?’, (2017) 95 Texas L Rev (Texas Law Review) 1579–1598.
Raynova D., ‘Towards a Common Understanding of the NonIntervention Principle’, European Leadership Network, October 2017, available at: https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/170929-ELN-Workshop-Report--Non-Intervention.pdf (accessed 30 August 2018).
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Watts S., ‘Low-intensity Cyber Operations and the Principle of Non-intervention’, in: J. D. Ohlin, K. Govern and C. O. Finkelstein (eds.), Cyberwar: Law and Ethics for
Virtual Conflicts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015) 249–269.
Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice, 26 June 1945, 1 UNTS 16, Art. 2(1).
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, 999 UNTS 171.
Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1 August 1975, 14 ILM (International Law Materials) 129.
GA Res. 217 (III) A, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948.
GA Res. 375 (IV) of 6 December 1949.
GA Res. 596 (VI) of 7 December 1951.
GA Res 2131 (XX), Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention in the Domestic Affairs of States and the Protection of Their Independence and Sovereignty, 21 December 1965.
GA Res. 2625 (XXV), Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1970.
Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America) (Merits), Judgment of 27 June 1986 (Merits),
ICJ Rep 1986, 14.
Fordoński, R., & Kasprzak, W. (2019). Alleged Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election and prohibition of non-intervention. Studia Prawnoustrojowe, (42), 113–136. https://doi.org/10.31648/sp.5021
