Public administration in the light of the teaching of Thomas Aquinas and his reading through personalism
Sławomir Fundowicz
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła IIhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8239
Abstract
Jerzy Stelmach and Bartosz Brożek, analysing legal methods, pointed to what they call “unfinished projects.” They indicated three: classical, modernist, and postmodernist. Among the classical projects, there is also the scholastic project associated with St. Thomas Aquinas. However, incompleteness is a feature of every theory. One can only follow the directions of their development. One of the topics subject to such development in science initiated by St. Thomas Aquinas is the relationship between man and society, which is the principle of building public administration. The starting point is the definition of law, which is based on four structural elements: reason, morality, legislator, and promulgation.
At the beginning of the 20th century, neo-Thomism was born. Étienne Gilson indicated that the essence of power to which obedience is due is order. Its maintenance allows the use of force but to a very limited extent. In the activity of the state, one must consider the nature of man but also inequalities among people. Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec, co-founder of the neo-Thomistic Lublin school, pointed to the sovereignty of man as the basis of the sovereignty of the state. Jacques Maritain, who called his theory integral humanism—a Thomistic version of personalism—emphasizes that man is an individual in its entirety and a person in its entirety and that man lives in social relations, opposing the individualism characteristic of modern thought. The answer to the problem is to be the concept of human rights.
Keywords:
human rights, thomism, personalism, power, use of force, social inequalitiesReferences
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