Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: a Scientific Review of Impacts and Interactions
Nataliia Martsenko
West Ukrainian National UniversityAbstract
Undoubtedly, in the conditions of active use of Artificial Intelligence (hereinafter – AI) in many areas of human life, the topic of this scientific research is extremely relevant. Despite the rapid development of robotic technology and its impact on the improvement of human life, it is extremely important to consider the threats and problems of using AI without proper human control. That is why it is necessary to improve international and national legislation for the safe use of AI for the benefit of humanity, and not against human rights.
An important aspect of solving the issue of legal regulation of AI is the study of the legal nature and possible legal personality of AI from the point of view of it impact on humans and human rights. This article, in particular, exami-
nes the possible impact of the legal personality of AI on human rights, as well as the feasibility of granting AI the status of a subject. In addition, scientific sources on the liability of AI for damage caused by its use were analyzed.
Advantages and threats in the case of human use of AI are separately highlighted. The need to legally fix the obligations of AI producers to create it in such a way that it ensures justice in society, supports human activities and basic
rights, and does not reduce, limit or mislead human autonomy is justified. Thelevel of autonomy of AI should be carefully controlled by a person, since these
technical means should be used to strengthen positive social changes and help a person, and not become a competitor or a fully equal subject of social relations.
Keywords:
human rights, artificial intelligence, legal nature of artificial intelligence, legal per- sonality, civil liability of artificial intelligenceReferences
Bondarenko A. (2015) Artificial intelligence against humanity: Musk, Hawking and Wozniak warn that it's time to stop. AIN.UA. URL: http://ain.ua/2015/07/27/593911 [in Russian]. Google Scholar
European ethical charter on the use of artificial intelligence in judicial systems, adopted by the European Commission on the effectiveness of justice at the 31st plenary meeting (Strasbourg, December 3-4, 2018) [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Life 3.0. The age of artificial intelligence. Max Tegmark. Kyiv: Nash format, 2019. 428 p. [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Tools of artificial intelligence: training manual. R. O. Tkachenko, N. O. Kustra, O. M. Pavlyuk, U. V. Polishchuk; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Lviv Polytechnic University. Lviv: Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic, 2014. 204 p. [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Martsenko N.S. (2019). Legal regime of artificial intelligence in civil law. Actual problems of jurisprudence 4 (20). 91-98p. URL: http://appj.tneu.edu.ua/index.php/apl/article/viewFile/797/785 [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Karchevsky V.P. (2012) Man and robot. Development of learning processes. Artificial intelligence. No. 4. pp. 43-52. [in Russian]. Google Scholar
Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004 [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Larina O. S., Ovchinsky V. S. (2020) Piece intelligence. Ethics and law. Moscow: Knizhny Mir, 192 p. [in Russian]. Google Scholar
Parasyuk E.O., Jalilova V.R. (2019). The expediency of recognition by the subjects of the law of robots, artificial intelligence and artificially intelligent robots, TK Meganom, Kyiv, Scientific review, No. 4(57), pp. 101-109. [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Ponkіn I.V., Redkina A.I. (2018) Artificial intelligence from the point of view of law. Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: Legal Sciences. T. 22. No. 1. S. 91–109. [in Russian]. Google Scholar
Martsenko, N. (2020). Determining the place of artificial intelligence in civil law. Studia Prawnoustrojowe, (47). https://doi.org/10.31648/sp.5279/ Google Scholar
Radutny O.E. (2019) Morality and law for artificial intelligence and the digital human: robotics laws and the 'trolley problem'. Information and law. No. 3. P. 78–95. [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Mpinga EK, Bukonda NKZ, Qailouli S, Chastonay P. Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: Are There Signs of an Emerging Discipline? A Systematic Review. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2022 Feb 2;15:235-246. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S315314. PMID: 35140471; PMCID: PMC8819698 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8819698/ Google Scholar
Martsenko, N. (2021). Influence of artificial intelligence on the legal system. Studia Prawnoustrojowe, (54). https://doi.org/10.31648/sp.7101 Google Scholar
Resolution of the European Parliament dated February 16, 2017 2015/2013 (INL) P8_TA-PROV(2017)0051. URL: https://robopravo.ru/riezoliutsiia_ies [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
Civil Code of Ukraine: current legislation with changes and supplements. as of 01.01.2022. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2947-14#Text [in Ukrainian]. Google Scholar
In brave new world of China’s digital courts, judges are AI and verdicts come via chat app. The Japan Times. URL: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/12/07/asia-pacific/crime-legal-asiapacific/ai-judges-verdicts-via-chat-app-brave-new-world-chinas-digital-courts/#.2lUzZhF Google Scholar
Chatterjee, S., N.S., S. and Hussain, Z. (2022), "Evolution of artificial intelligence and its impact on human rights: from sociolegal perspective", International Journal of Law and Management, Vol. 64 No. 2, pp. 184-205. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-06-2021-0156 Google Scholar
Beijing AI Principles 新闻. URL: https://baip.baaia c.cn/en?fclid=IwAR2HtIRKJxxy9Q1Y953H2pMHl_bIr8pcsIxho93BtZYFPH39vV9v9B2eY Google Scholar
Willick, S. (1983) “Artificial Intelligence: Some Legal Approaches and Implications,”. Al Magazine, 4(2): 5-16. Google Scholar
Martsenko N. (2022). Civil liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence. Proceedings. Series: Law. No. 12. P. 34-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2022-12-34-39 Google Scholar
West Ukrainian National University
